1 25 368 https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/marywadetous-cover_024ae8189e.jpg 962976cb4fc14cdb0ae6937c33b8e3ca Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Height 360 Width 257 https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/1f4451a3a7c0fd42c6710e693148bbd5.pdf 349d40b00d1ec1b08bc0f749fa55d338 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade To Us 1986 Subject The topic of the resource Mary Wade to Us (book) Description An account of the resource Items relating to the original book <em>Mary Wade to Us</em> published in 1986 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade To Us Description An account of the resource <p>In 1986, the original Mary Wade History Association, after years of research, published a most important book for the descendants of Mary Wade. This book, 'Mary Wade to Us: A Family History 1778 - 1986' contains a wealth of information about Mary Wade and her descendants, including family trees, stories and photos.<br /><br />You can read or download the book using the viewer below. The file is large and may take some time to download.</p> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mary Wade History Association Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Macarthur Press, Parramatta, NSW Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 22cm x 29cm; 245p; hardcover Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade Family History Association Inc. - about and membership Subject The topic of the resource The MWFHA has been incorporated. See below details of the Committee Members and membership fees. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bob Stevens Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. Most people who read this introduction to the story of Mary Wade will have one main interest in common. They will be descendants of Mary Wade, or at least be a close relative of someone who is. They will most likely have heard their own family story of the little girl who was sentenced to death for stealing some clothes. They will be amazed at the severity of her sentence. And if they are thoughtful people, they will be thankful that they live in such an enlightened, egalitarian and lucky country as this home land of ours. But of course Mary wasn't hung, or you wouldn't be reading about her here today. Instead she was transported to New South Wales in a shipload of women. Thankfully she lived to become our many times great Great Grandmother. Without her, none of us would be here! She alone is that common ancestor to the tens of thousands of us who are now her direct descendants. Think of this! None of us would even exist if Mary had been hung as an 13-year-old child. While our family story does have Captains and Kings and exploration adventures, for Mary, her major achievement was to merely survive and bear children to populate a harsh land of often-brutish men. Convicts, soldiers and marines were equally intent on survival. Their task was to subdue a wilderness and build a new convict settlement so that England could rid itself of its displaced poor and felons. Mary's is a story that helps explain the character of the people who now make up this great land of Australia. It was this same ability of our ancestors to survive against great odds; in places like Gallipoli, Tobruk, and Kokoda, that are today celebrated as part of the Australian character. Mary Wade's story is your story. Read, wonder and be thankful for the perseverance that enabled our ancestors to create for us such a land of opportunity. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade - The Story of Description An account of the resource An introduction by the late Jeff Robinson, former Convenor of the re-established Mary Wade Family History Association. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jeff Robinson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade To Us 1986 Subject The topic of the resource Mary Wade to Us (book) Description An account of the resource Items relating to the original book <em>Mary Wade to Us</em> published in 1986 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. <p><strong>From Emerald and Toowoomba in Queensland, to Melbourne and Ballarat in Victoria, from Moruya and Kangaloon, Dubbo and Lismore.</strong></p> <p>Indeed, they came from everywhere! Over four hundred descendants of pioneer Mary Wade thronged into Campbelltown on Easter Saturday, 21st April.</p> <p>It was in 1789 that ten-year old Mary Wade fell foul of the law and was sentenced at the Old Bailey to be hung.</p> <p>Her crime? Stealing three items of clothing from another chil</p> <p>As things turned out, Mary Wade was transported to the colony of New South Wales, living first on Norfolk Island, then old Sydney town, the Hawkesbury and the District of Airds.</p> <p>It was fitting that the Muster of Mary's descendants should have taken place at St. Peter’s Parish Centre in Campbelltown, since Mary’s family was associated with that Church for over sixty years.  Organisers Marj Morrow and Norma Campbell arranged extensive displays of old family photos and “family tree” charts.  Miss Morrow addressed the assembled crowd about Mary Wade’s early years in the Colony, recalling the years of famine, and the heartbreaking floods which swept all before them when Mary and her family lived near the Hawkesbury.</p> <p>Mary’s husband, Jonathan Brooker, took up a land grant in the District of Airds in 1809.</p> <p>Their eldest daughter, Sarah, lived on an adjoining property (today known as “Holly Lea”).  Sarah was the mother of thirteen children, including boy triplets. It was a measure of her mothering skills that Sarah’s triplets should have survived and reached adulthood, a rare achievement in those days.</p> <p>Mary and Jonathan’s son, William Brooker, was a carpenter. Until recently, William was best known as having built Fred Fisher’s “Horse and Jockey” inn in Campbelltown.  However, it has recently been discovered that William Brooker had a hand in building old St. John’s Catholic Church. Records are incomplete, but William was involved in the roofing and shingling of the Church.</p> <p>Another of Mary Wade’s daughters married Harry Angel. Harry was a member of the famed Hume &amp; Hovell expedition to Port Phillip in 1824.  Harry took up land in the Murrumbidgee district, as did many other families from the Appin and Campbelltown areas.  He also lived in the Illawarra. A street in Corrimal bears his name.</p> <p>In 1823, a bushfire destroyed Jonathan Brooker’s wheat crop, house, and tools while he was living in the District of Airds.  One can well imagine how distraught Mary Wade must have been, to see the family home burned to the ground.  Not surprisingly, they moved from Airds to the Illawarra. Sons John and James Brooker likewise took up land in the Tarrawanna/Bellambi area.</p> <p>A distinctive feature of the Illawarra range is known as Broker’s Nose named after this pioneering family.  Edward Harrigan, Mary’s son by another marriage, also moved there.</p> <p>Not far from Angel Street, you will find Brooker Street, Harrigan Street, and Harrigan Park, so the names of Mary’s children are well imprinted on the Illawarra map.</p> <p>When Jonathan Brooker died in 1833, his body was returned to Campbelltown for burial. The carved headstone in St. Peter’s cemetery still stands today, a reminder of one of Campbelltown’s earliest pioneering families.</p> <p>Mary Wade lived until 1859, when an obituary published in the “Illawarra Mercury” saluted her as mother of one of the “largest families in the world.”  Today Mary’s descendants probably number tens of thousands.</p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade Muster Description An account of the resource An extract from The Crier in Campbelltown relating to the 1984 Muster of Mary Wade's descendants. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Verlie Fowler Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Reproduced in 'Mary Wade to Us' Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Crier (Campbelltown) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2 May 1984 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Verlie Fowler and the Proprietor of The Crier (Campbelltown) Language A language of the resource en-au Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/page-1_8b10f788d0.pdf 8a71eda49c74a873ab8e7b7bdb14a557 https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/page-2_a056d05ee6.pdf 46967ad847ad20d37bc02c7c4e02fd8e https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/page3_e587341d92.pdf a491a5fbca9e5f6bf7b4cdca502697d0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade To Us 1986 Subject The topic of the resource Mary Wade to Us (book) Description An account of the resource Items relating to the original book <em>Mary Wade to Us</em> published in 1986 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. When Mary Wade was born in London in the late seventeen seventies none would have envisaged that this babe would become the founding mother of a large family group which, today counts Mary’s living descendants in thousands. This child was sentenced to death at the Old Bailey when ten years old, and thereby hangs our tale. To really appreciate the story of Mary Wade we need to let our minds travel back through time for more than two hundred years, so we can place her story in its rightful context, and judge her world by the standards of that world, and not by the standards of 1985. Into what sort of world was Mary born? European settlement had taken place in the New World of the Americas, and a trade route around the Cape of Good Hope to India and the East Indies were being used by European ships. Ships had been round Cape Horn. The Indian and Pacific Oceans were known, but a large land mass, now called Australia, was not on the map. The idea of a Great South Land was discussed, but, although early navigators touched at places on the Western Australian Coast, the existence of a large land mass was still unproven. Dutch, Portugese, and French sent expeditions to the South Seas hoping for substantial results. The names Dirk Hartog, Torres, Van Dieman, Tasman and others are found on modern maps, but it was the great English navigator, James Cook, who really put Australia on the world map, although the name Australia came later. The various European countries were fighting among themselves, East Indies trade was very important to Britain, and a Great South Land in the wrong hands could materially alter things. James Cook left Plymouth 25.5.1768, ostensibly on a scientific visit to Tahiti to observe the transit of Venus. He sailed in His Majesty’s Barque, Endeavour, with a naval crew. On board also were a good astronomer, Green, two naturalists, D.C. Solander and Joseph Banks, and sundry servants. Cook carried sealed orders from the Admiralty, not to be opened till his scientific mission was completed. These orders were to look for the Great South Land. After leaving New Zealand in March, 1770, the east coast of the continent was sighted 28.4.1770 at Point Hicks (now called Cape Everard). Subsequently Cook sailed north, charting the east coast of the land mass. He spent some time in Botany Bay, so named because of the great variety of new plants found by Solander and Banks. Observations of birds and other animals and of the aborigines were also recorded. Later on, because of this time spent collecting specimens, Banks became accepted as an authority on the new land. Cook continued northward up the coast, noting the entrance of Port Jackson, but not entering the harbour. On this northward voyage the Endeavour struck the Great Barrier Reef, was beached at Endeavour River, where Cooktown now stands, for repairs, then sailed on to Batavia, and via the Cape of Good Hope to England. On 22.8.1770, Cook claimed the whole of the east coast of the continent from Point Hicks to Cape York for Britain, under the name of New South Wales. The name Australia was not yet used. Other relevant factors influencing Mary’s world at this time were the Industrial Revolution and changes in land usage in Britain in the eighteenth century. The Industrial Revolution led to the development of factories for the mass production of goods, and this spelt the death knell on the cottage industries. The sale of home produced goods almost ceased, and these sales had provided that little extra income for a poor family which made very hard lives just a little easier. Sundry Enclosure Acts were passed, the net result of which was that farms became much larger, and ownership was concentrated in fewer hands. There was an increase in food production, but on the debit side, many small tenant farmers and farm labourers lost their “ancient and traditional right” to some form of land usage. These factors produced a large body of unemployed, many of whom went to larger centres seeking work, and were often unable to cope with their new life-style. Even if work was found, wages were low and the hours long. If these people did not find work they had two alternatives, starve or steal, and the jails soon overflowed. English society at this stage was clearly divided into the upper class who owned everything, and the lower classes who were utterly dependent on the upper class for employment, essential to their survival. The will to live is strong in all of us, and many turned to crime to survive. The police system of the time was inadequate, and the government used severe punishment for convicted persons as a deterrent. As a result, we find that about 200 crimes were punishable by death. These crimes ranged from treason, murder, and arson, down to picking pockets of more than one shilling. Many people caught were not convicted, as there were no police prosecutors. Even so, in the decade 1780 to 1790 more than 50 persons a year were executed (by hanging) and many more had their sentences changed to transportation overseas for life. Up to the time when the British colonists in North America declared their independence from Britain, many convicts were sent to America, but after 1776, this dumping of convicts ceased. Early in the 18th Century, a curious system of convict dumping prevailed. In 1717 a Transportation Act was passed which allowed the removal of prisoners overseas. The Government assigned the right to a prisoner’s labour, for the term of his sentence, to an agent, who then became wholly responsible for the prisoner. These agents were often ship’s masters, who transported these convicts to America, and sold them to planters as labourers. However, by 1774, this system was not emptying the jails fast enough, and an Act was passed which enabled the establishment of a penal colony on a suitable site. Thereafter any convict could be marked for transportation. Old unserviceable ships were moored in the Thames and in various ports. These old ships were stripped down and used as detention centres. The convicts were kept in them and required to work as labourers nearby, often in chains. Conditions in these old hulks were bad, and disease among the convicts was rife. There was another group of people needing help. These were the people who had remained loyal to Britain during the War of American Independence, and were no longer acceptable in North America. In the seventeen eighties, William Pitt and his government were more concerned with saving their Empire than with emptying the jails. When the war with France ended in 1783, Britain had gained Canada, but had already lost her North American colonies, the loss of which had far reaching consequences. Pitt appointed Thomas Townsend, Viscount Sydney, as Secretary of State, and his duties included finding a place to dump convicts. Several places on the African Coast, Canada, and New Zealand were considered, and rejected. An American loyalist, Matra, in 1783 suggested the east coast of the newly-discovered continent as a suitable site, and Joseph Banks supported the idea. Britain as a maritime nation needed a good navy, and for this suitable timber was needed. An earlier report by Cook, who discovered Norfolk Island in 1774, suggested that Norfolk Island pines could supply timber for masts and spars, and the flax growing abundantly on the island could be the raw material for ropes and canvas sails. It was also realised that a naval base in this area might well be an advantage. From 1784, the idea of a penal settlement on the east coast of New South Wales was considered. Convicted prisoners marked for transportation to Botany Bay were sent to the hulks, and used as labourers till their transport could be arranged. In the King’s speech at the opening of Parliament in 1787, plans were announced for founding a penal colony in New South Wales. A naval man, Captain Arthur Phillip, was appointed to lead this expedition to an unknown land, 12,000 miles away, and to found a settlement there. Nothing was known of the physical nature of the new land, or of its climate, rainfall, etc. Phillip’s task was indeed formidable. The First Fleet was assembled. It consisted of eleven ships, two of which were warships, H.M.S. Sirius of 520 tons and the Supply, an armed tender of 170 tons. The remaining nine ships were chartered merchant ships, six of which were to be convict transports, and three to carry stores. Provisioning this fleet for the voyage and the first year or so at Botany Bay was a mammoth task. Several government departments were involved. Ration scales were laid down, and minimum requirements for accommodation of convicts were stated, but these regulations were often disregarded. Convicts came from overcrowded hulks and jails where disease was prevalent. Medical inspections prior to embarkation were often cursory; so many convicts boarded transports weak or ill and quite unfit for a long and uncomfortable voyage. This First Fleet finally left Plymouth 13.5.1787, and after an eight month voyage arrived at Botany Bay between 18th and 20th January, 1788. It transferred to Sydney Cove in Port Jackson on 26th January, 1788, and on 7th February, 1788, Phillip proclaimed the Colony of New South Wales, and became the first Governor. Phillip’s support should have come from his officers, but these were mostly military men with ideas of their own importance, and Phillip was a naval man. The officers would guard convicts, but would not accept as a duty the supervision of convict labour, Phillip had, therefore, to appoint many supervisors from convict ranks, and this often caused trouble. The soil round Sydney is poor, tools to prepare the ground were inadequate, and methods on cultivation suitable in England failed at Sydney Cove. Very little livestock came with the first fleet, and soon these animals escaped to the bush and were lost. Time passed, tents and huts were erected, and some order was achieved. At first, the full ration laid down was issued, but it was soon realised that the little colony was dependent on food supplies from elsewhere. As time passed the ration was cut, and cut again. After two years, the ration was reduced to one third of the full ration. Men grew weaker and the hours of labour were reduced of necessity. In fact, the little colony was facing starvation, and still no more store ships had arrived from Britain. As well as establishing a colony on the mainland, Phillip had been instructed to colonise Norfolk Island as soon as possible, to prevent any other nation taking over. Norfolk Island was discovered by Cook in 1774, who reported good pine trees and plenty of flax on the Island capable of supplying masts, spars, rope, and canvas for the navy. The Island lies just over 1000 miles from Sydney in a generally north easterly direction, and about 660 miles from Auckland. It is roughly elliptical in shape, five miles long and three miles across, with an area of approximately thirteen square miles. It has a precipitous coastline with no natural harbour, and an average elevation of 350 feet. There are two main peaks, Mount Banks (1048 ft) and Mount Pitt (1038 ft). When discovered the island was uninhabited and densely forested. On 14th February, 1788, the Supply, commanded by Lieut. Ball, took Lieut. Phillip Gidley King to Norfolk Island, together with a petty officer, a surgeon’s mate, two marines, two men who knew about flax, nine male and six female convicts. This small and carefully chosen group was to establish a settlement on the island. They were supplied with rations and seed to start food production. The Supply arrived off the Island on 29th February. A shore party was landed by a small boat to examine the Island. Lack of suitable landing places prevented the main party from landing till 6th March. People and goods were put into a small boat and rowed ashore. A storehouse for their rations and shelter for the people were quickly organised. Some land was soon cleared, seeds were planted, and results came fast. The soil is very fertile, and rainfall and temperature are suitable for plant growth. King’s first estimate was that the colony would be self-supporting within four years. For the first year, life was not as hard on Norfolk Island as it was on the mainland. The great drawback was lack of good landing places. As the food position on the mainland deteriorated, Phillip sent more convicts to Norfolk Island to relieve distress on the mainland. However, a drought occurred on the Island and conditions there deteriorated. Also, pests showed up. Blight and caterpillars ruined the crops, and a hurricane on 26.2.1789 caused a lot of damage and food producing gardens were destroyed. After two years, Phillip decided to send King to England, to report on the colonies, and Major Robert Ross was appointed to relieve King as Controller on Norfolk Island. Ross left Sydney on H.M.S. Sirius on 5.3.1790. The crossing to Norfolk was stormy, and landing was hazardous, and before the cargo was landed the Sirius was wrecked, but the crew was saved. Now, not only were there extra convicts on the Island, but also the crew of the wrecked ship; thus population increased without extra stores. King returned to the mainland aboard the Supply, which had accompanied the Sirius, and Ross assumed control at once. He recognised the seriousness of the position and proclaimed a reduced ration immediately. Things were grim on the mainland and on the Island. While Phillip and his First Fleeters faced hardship, isolation, and hunger, life went on in London as before. Crime was rampant, and jails filled more rapidly than transportation could empty them. Mary Wade was eleven years old when she fell foul of the law. The transcript of her trial speaks for itself. See section on ‘The Trial of Mary Wade’ Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade - The Life and Times of Description An account of the resource A detailed and informative essay describing the world Mary Wade was born into, and the background behind the First Fleet, contributed by Marjorie Morrow, a great, great granddaughter of Mary Wade. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marjorie Morrow Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Published in 'Mary Wade to Us' Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade To Us 1986 Subject The topic of the resource Mary Wade to Us (book) Description An account of the resource Items relating to the original book <em>Mary Wade to Us</em> published in 1986 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. I know nothing of what Mary looked like, but that ten-year old girl was a survivor. Both physically and mentally she must have been strong to live through all the horrors she surmounted. With a death sentence on her head, and separated from her family, she was taken to Newgate Prison. Instructions to the prison officers were that she was to be hanged by the neck till she is dead. On arrival at Newgate the usual practice was a tepid bath, prison clothes and all the hair cut off. Mary escaped the final indignity of a public hanging. On 17.4.1789 George The Third respited her death sentence on condition she be transported for and during the term of her natural life to the Eastern Coast of New South Wales or some island adjoining. Ninety-three days elapsed between her death sentence and its respite, and ninety-three days in daily expectation of hanging would not be pleasant under any circumstances. Having survived so far, Mary was next put aboard the 'Lady Juliana', a ship lying in the Thames, a ship on which Mary spent almost a year. The ship was one of the vessels comprising the Second Fleet. Whenever the Government decided to assemble a fleet of vessels to transport convicts overseas they called tenders for this service, stipulating requirements the tenderer must meet. However, once the tender was accepted it was difficult to ensure that all requirements were observed. Consequently, transportees were often at the mercy of the ship’s masters and their officers. Contracts varied considerably. In some cases payment was according to the number of convicts embarked, and this did nothing to encourage a healthy voyage, whereas when payment was based on the number landed at the end of the voyage more care was given to the human cargo. In the case of the “Lady Juliana” of 401 tons, payment was on a per capita basis for women convicts. The ship itself was chartered at nine shillings and sixpence per registered ton, per month, from the time the ship was chartered, until six weeks after discharge of her cargo in New South Wales. An allowance of forty shillings per head was given for clothing for the voyage. The basic victualling allowance was sixpence a day per convict. Before sailing this was increased to ninepence a day per convict if fresh provisions were served, and was increased to one shilling a day per convict in foreign ports if fresh provisions were used. Also seven shillings a day was paid towards a surgeon’s salary as long as convicts were on the ship. The 'Lady Juliana' was considerably delayed in the Thames after chartering. The British Government only needed the transports and store ships for voyage to Sydney, and often a new charter was arranged for the return voyage. The East India Company agreed to charter the 'Lady Juliana' for the return voyage, provided she could reach Canton by 15.1.1791 in a fit state to load a cargo of tea for Britain. The Master of the 'Lady Juliana' was Captain Aitken, the Surgeon was Richard Alley, who had been a naval surgeon for some years. The agent on board was Edgar, and the Steward was Nicol. By the standards of their day these were reasonable and competent men. Aitken provided himself with some rolls of linen before sailing, and during the voyage several women convicts turned this linen into shirts, which found a ready market on arrival at Port Jackson, making a handsome profit on Aitkin’s original outlay. This would be considered exploitation of prisoners today, but in 1789 was accepted practice. Provisioning the 'Lady Juliana' was supervised. Water had to be carried in casks, and if the casks contained Thames water it became unusable before a ship could reach the Cape of Good Hope. Most vessels called at Teneriffe in the Canary Islands to get good water for the rest of their voyage. No-one was ever sure how long a voyage would last, because ships depended on wind power. In selecting a route, prevailing winds were always taken into account; in the absence of wind ships were often becalmed, and no wind meant no progress. Eventually the 'Lady Juliana' left the Thames and sailed round to Plymouth, where one section of the Second Fleet assembled. This group of ships sailed from Plymouth on 29.7.1789. The 'Lady Juliana' carried 226 female convicts, the youngest of whom was our Mary Wade, no yet eleven years old. From the source material available we can form a fairly detailed picture of life on board this voyage, and as convict transports went, the conditions aboard were good. The voyage was long and slow. Calls were made at Teneriffe for water, and at St. Jago in the Cape Verde Islands for water and pork. After 120 days the 'Lady Juliana' arrived at Rio de Janerio, where it remained for 45 days. It took another 50 days to reach Table Bay (Capetown) on 1.3.1790 where a stay of 19 days was made, and then another 75 days elapsed before arriving at Port Jackson. During this voyage rations were issued in full, and lengthy stays in port ensured fresh food. The ship was kept clean, and the women had free access to the deck. These things combined to ensure that most of the women from Newgate and sundry country jails arrived as a fairly healthy group. Five deaths occurred during the voyage, but compared with the death rate in other vessels of the Second Fleet this was almost negligible. The 'Surprise' had 36 deaths from 256 embarked, and landed 121 sick men. The 'Neptune' had 147 deaths in 424 convicts, and the 'Scarborough' had 73 deaths from 259 embarked. The women convicts aboard the 'Lady Juliana' were a mixed group. A few were elderly and infirm, some were educated, some were illiterate, and there was a child called Mary Wade. Discipline aboard was lax, and according to the Steward, Nicol, most, if not all men aboard selected a mistress from among the convicts for the duration of the voyage. The long slow voyage was not without incident. At Capetown a fire was actually started on deck, but was extinguished in time to avoid tragedy, though panic did develop. On eventual arrival off the Heads of Port Jackson the weather was not good. It was wet and windy with a strong southerly blowing, and this almost blew the ship onto North Head. Only the tide saved her from disaster. The 'Lady Juliana', not really a sound ship, was unable to make her way up the harbour unaided, and was finally assisted up to Sydney Cove on 6.6.1790. The convicts were disembarked on 11.6.1790 as the ship had been declared unfit to take them on to Norfolk Island. However, convict carpenters made repairs to the ship, so that by the end of July the return voyage under charter to the East India Company began. Before we follow Mary any further, let us take another look at the colony in New South Wales, when the 'Lady Juliana' arrived in June, 1790. The First Fleet left Plymouth in May, 1787, and it was now three years since the colonists had left England. No supplies or communications had reached them. Phillip had expected store ships that had not arrived. Food was rapidly running out. Only eight weeks of rations at full strength remained. The ration issue had been cut and recut drastically, till now only one third of the ration was being issued to everyone from the Governor down. Everyone was starving. Men were so weak they could hardly work the shortened hours. The clothes that had come from England three years earlier were in rags, and even sentries at Government House were bare-footed, and over the whole colony gloom was settling. Isolation and loneliness and short rations were now coupled with the almost certain knowledge that the settlement was either forgotten or abandoned by Britain. Weak and half starved as they were, it is easy to imagine the excitement when a ship was sighted bearing into the Harbour. Here, at last, was the long-awaited relief. News of home and something more to eat! What more would you want? News of home, letters and papers the ship did bring, but she was only a convict transport with only enough stores for her own people. But she also brought news of other vessels on their way. Immediate relief was at hand and the ration was increased at once, but everyone was now aware that the survival of the colony was still completely dependent on the arrival of regular food supplies from outside. The small amount of stock that had come with the First Fleet had mostly been lost. The native vegetation did not offer naturally growing food plants. The two warships Sirius and Supply were used continually to help the food situation. The Sirius made voyages to Batavia for food supplies until it was wrecked at Norfolk Island 10.4.1790, and the Supply ferried people and stores from Sydney Cove to Norfolk Island. Mary Wade arrived on 3.6.1790 (landed 6.6.1790) when things were desperate. The 'Lady Juliana' was unfit to continue over to Norfolk Island, so shortly after disembarkation 150 of the younger and healthier women were put aboard the Surprise, and arrived off Norfolk Island 7.8.1790. The Surprise was one of the vessels of the Second Fleet, carrying only male convicts. The death rate during the voyage was very high, and the general conditions aboard were so bad the vessel became known as one of the Hell ships of the Second Fleet. I cannot imagine the trip across to Norfolk Island was pleasant, but the little girl, not yet thirteen years old, made the trip. Landing people or goods on the island was hazardous. When the Surprise was disembarking her convicts, one boat-load of women and stores capsized in the heavy surf. Seven lives were lost, and the boat was smashed to pieces. Mary may have been in that boat. If she was she survived. If she wasn’t, she almost certainly witnessed the accident. So this was Mary’s introduction to Norfolk Island. No special provisions were made for female convicts. Most of them were assigned to non-convict men, ostensibly as house servants, but in most cases as mistresses would be a more accurate description. Gardens for the growing of vegetables were established to help the serious food position that had developed. Women convicts hoed these gardens, and when a plague of caterpillars struck the women were engaged in picking them off the leaves. As the food position in Sydney grew worse Phillip had sent more convicts to Norfolk Island, but after the loss of the Sirius no more supplies reached the island, and the food position grew worse. Major Ross, who had relieved King as Commandant on 13.3.1790, realised how vulnerable the settlement was as regards food, and developed a plan which he hoped would get many convicts self-supporting and not depending on rations. Briefly his plan was as follows:- 1. Each male convict would be allowed one acre of uncultivated ground. 2. Every three convicts would get a sow. 3. Convicts with land would get two free days per week to work their land. 4. After three months their flour ration would be reduced to ¾ ration, and further reduced each three months till March, 1792, when it would cease. 5. The meat ration would cease twelve months after the sow farrowed. Ross reasoned that if a man did not work on his own land he would not eat, as rations would eventually cease. Additional encouragement was held to allotment holders. Any spare pork would be purchased for sixpence a pound, and any poultry at one shilling a bird. From time to time the top producer was given an extra 'holiday' or free day to work on his land. For the privilege of having their own allotment the convict was required to pay rent at the rate of one bushel of Indian Corn per year. Each male convict was encouraged to keep a female convict, and so keep her off rations as well. This female convict was excused public labour, and was free to work in the allotment garden. Pine trees were protected, and clearing by burning was not allowed. Small trees or shrubs cut down were to be cut up for firewood. Bringing their land into cultivation was to be done only after the convicts had fulfilled their labour obligations to the Government. We must remember that Norfolk Island is just a small green dot in the ocean, a long way from Sydney, and in 1790 utterly dependent on ship-bourn stores from Sydney. Sydney was starving, H.M.S. Sirius had been wrecked, and the population of the island much increased. As food was short on the island, theft increased and Ross severely punished any misdemeanours. Although living conditions were better at Norfolk Island than in Sydney, both colonies faced a food crisis. Then out of the blue 'the providential birds’ arrived on the island and were quickly added to the diet. These birds were known by a number of names, shearwaters, petrels and mutton birds. They are migratory birds breeding on the islands off N.S.W., Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania. In 1790 flocks of brown headed petrels arrived at Mount Pitt on Norfolk Island, their traditional breeding ground. The breeding season extends over three to four months, and the birds were quickly added to the food supply by half-starved humans. One official record says 4000 birds were taken in one night, and one estimate is that 200,000 birds were slaughtered for food in less than three months. Incidentally in the succeeding years fewer birds were taken annually, but these birds were exterminated on Norfolk Island within a decade. In recent years a small breeding colony of them has been found on Lord Howe Island. This, then was the position on Norfolk Island when Mary Wade arrived there on 7.8.1790, not yet twelve years old. A supply line with Britain was again in place. Temporarily at least, things were better. Major Ross was still the Commandant. The Norfolk Island records are not complete, and I have not located any listing to whom Mary was assigned. We will now follow the fortunes of two men, Teague Harrigan and Jonathan Brooker, both of whom played an important part in Mary’s life. Toward the end of 1790 the jails and hulks of Britain were again full, and the Third Fleet for Sydney Cove was organised in two divisions. The transports 'Atlantic' of 442 tons, the 'Salamander' of 320 tons and the 'William And Anne' formed the Plymouth Division which sailed from Plymouth 27.3.1791. Jonathan Brooker was aboard the 'Atlantic' and Teague Harrigan was on the 'Salamander'. These ships called at Teneriffe and St Jago in the Cape Verde Islands and thence sailed direct to Sydney. The 'Atlantic' arrived in the Harbour 20.8.1791 after a voyage of 146 days. The 'Salamander' arrived the next day. Both Brooker and Harrigan had sentences of seven years, and both were sent to Norfolk Island. Harrigan arriving there on 4.9.1791 and Brooker a few weeks later on 11.11.1791. Teague Haragan (Harrigan) came originally from Cork, Ireland, and apparently crossed over to England (as many Irish still do) looking for work. Maybe his search was unsuccessful for we find him appearing at the Bristol Quarter Sessions to answer a charge of stealing two coats, value twenty shillings, from the dwelling place of John Proctor Anderson, the previous June. Anderson’s charge and evidence of oath was recorded 18.7.1789 and at his trial on 5.10.1789 Harrigan was found guilty of stealing and convicted 'to be transported to such place as His Majesty shall direct, for the space of seven years'. After conviction, Teague was eventually put aboard the ship 'Salamander', one of 160 male convicts bound for N.S.W. The ship also carried nine months provisions, and on arriving at Sydney Cove was ordered to Norfolk Island with her convicts and cargo. The cargo needed re-organising into casks or bales for landing on the island. Lack of suitable harbourage or wharfs meant all freight, human or otherwise, was transferred to small boats for a hazardous trip to shore through heavy surf. At this stage Major Ross was still in charge and ruling the island with severity. Mary Wade and Teague Harrigan are now on Norfolk Island. We shall leave them there now and return to Sydney, where Jonathan Brooker had arrived on the 'Atlantic' 20.8.1791. Jonathan Brooker came orignally from Kent, although his crimes were committed in London. I find the name Brooker (often spelt Broker in early records) quite interesting. The name is listed as a peculiarly local name in an area of Kent until the great social upheavals of the eighteenth century. The name itself means dwellers near a brook. In England, from very early times, many people were carers of the land as tenant farmers. The name Brooker occurs in the Hundreds Rolls in the thirteenth century. These tenant farmers swore allegiance direct to their sovereign, as well to their overlord, and came to be â 'yeomen of England'. The Hundred was a land division within a shire, and the rolls included the names of tenant farmers on parts of large estates. Jonathan may well have been a victim of the Enclosure Acts, since he went to London in search of work. He was at least twice in trouble with the law. The Process Book of Surrey Quarter Sessions says that on 20.2.1788 he was accused of an assault on Isaac Solomon. He pleaded not guilty, and after trial was acquitted with no prosecution. At this stage he was living at St George (Southwark), and was called a labourer. Some year and a half later, on 5.10.1790, he was charged with the theft of 200 pounds of glue, valued at eight pounds. He was tried, found guilty of felony, and ordered to be transported for seven years. At this time he was described as a chair maker of the Parish of St Mary Magdalene, Bermondsey. As the 'Atlantic' loaded convicts at Woolwich, I expect Jonathan spent the time from his conviction in October, 1790, till March, 1791, on a hulk on the Thames, working as a day labourer (in chains usually) along the river bank. I have not found documentary evidence of his birth date, but calculations made from the dates shown in official documents indicate he was over thirty when he arrived in N.S.W. He was disembarked in Sydney, where he remained for a short time, and eventually went aboard the ship 'Queen' for transfer to Norfolk Island arriving there 11.11.1891.. To digress for a moment, I find it interesting that two men received sentences of seven years for theft, one to the value of twenty shillings, and the other to the value of eight pounds, while a ten-year old girl received originally a death sentence for theft to the value of three shillings and eleven pence. On 3.11.1791 Philip Gidley King returned to Norfolk Island as Governor, immediately replacing Ross. Major Ross was a quarrelsome man. He quarrelled with his staff, and his scale of punishments for convicts was very severe. King was much more humane man and was very welcome. He found the whole population, free or convicted, were restless, and his first task was to settle them down again. He quickly abandoned the Allotment plan, devised by Ross, to get convicts off rations in a relatively short time. Jonathan Brooker arrived on the Island a week after King’s return as governor. We now have our three principals, Mary Wade, Teague Harrigan and Jonathan Brooker, all on Norfolk Island, often referred to as a tropical paradise. King had replaced Ross and life was easier for all. King’s scale of punishments for misdemeanours was less severe than that of Ross, or of Phillip at Sydney Cove. Norfolk Island records are far from complete. Many were lost in a fire which destroyed the Crystal Palace in 1936, and many more may have just been lost, so our story over the next few years is brief, but some recorded events of importance did occur. A record exists which gives the birth of Sarah Wade, a 'convict child' on 27.9.1793. There is no mention of the father’s name. At this stage Mary was not yet sixteen. A second “Wade convict child” appears in 1795, also without a recorded father. There is some evidence to suggest that Jonathan Brooker was the father of both these children, but I do not find it conclusive. Later in the story we will find that Jonathan was either father or step-father of all of Mary’s children. The death certificate of the first child, Sarah Wade, gives Jonathan as the father, but I do not find the evidence of death certificates always accurate. The person concerned never supplied the details, and quite often it is not a member of the immediate family who does, and with out corroborative documentation I do not always accept it. We need also to remember that as time passed most convicts and ex-convicts strove to achieve respectability, and I can well imagine Mary herself making this claim. The second child, William, always appears as William Brooker in later musters, but so does Edward Harrigan appear as Edward Brooker even as late as the 1828 Census. At a later stage, after Jonathan’s death, William inherited Jonathan’s land on the Illawarra. I found Mary’s declaration at the time interesting. She stated that Jonathan was her husband, and that William was her eldest son. She did not say he was Jonathan’s son. William claimed Jonathan as his father. Some time before his twelfth birthday, William became part of Jonathan’s household. Were the terms father and step-father synonymous for him? Another suggestion has been that the appearance of very tall men in succeeding generations points to Jonathan, but this is easily discounted. Harrigan was a very big man, as may have been others on Norfolk Island. We simply do not know for certain. Both Brooker and Harrigan had sentences of seven years, and if the whole sentence was served they would have been free by servitude in 1797. Both men were on rations till the end of 1795, but not afterwards. They must, therefore, have been self-supporting, or working for someone who fed them. While still on Norfolk Island Harrigan received his Certificate of Emancipation from Governor King. He lost this document somewhere along the line, and we find him receiving a replacement certificate from Governor Macquarie 12.9.1812. Kins letters at the Mitchell Library contain a reference to Jonathan Brooker in 1798 he received £4-15-6 from the Government in payment for pork purchased from him, and on the entry Brooker is marked ‘freed by servitude’. I do not know exactly when any of our three principals returned to the mainland. Official papers make statements that so many persons were returned to the mainland, but no lists of names are appended. We do not know, however, they were all back by 1800. The 1800 census shows Mary Wade living with Teague Harrigan in Sydney, and Jonathan Brooker working for Doctor Balmain at Parramatta. A baptismal record at St. Phillips, Sydney, shows Edward Harrigan son of Teague Harrigan and Mary Wade, born 1803 and baptised 1804. A story comes down the Harrigan family that this child was born in a tent on the Tank Stream. Just when Mary joined Jonathan I’m not sure, but we do know they were on the Hawkesbury for a time before going to the Airds district. I have not been able to trace the exact whereabouts on the Hawkesbury. As far as I can ascertain Jonathan had no land in the area. Balmain did have land there, so he may still have been in his employ. Also Jonathan’s skill as a carpenter may have provided work in a developing area. William Ray, who became Jonathan’s son-in-law (step) had land rented at Mulgrave Place in 1808. As children we heard a lot of talk among our elders of Pitt Town, Wilberforce and Windsor, so I expect the Brookers were thereabouts. In fact, the Mutch Index places them in the Windsor district as late as 12.6.1811 when Jonathan received a land order for 60 acres in the newly opened district of Airds. This is an interesting statement, because on 28.11.1809 Surveyor Meehan surveyed land for Jonathan Brooker, William Ray and John Mitton, in a new area, 35 miles south-west of Sydney, an area later named Airds by Governor Macquarie. I think this might be a case where the official paper work was well behind the action. The Hawkesbury had fertile flats but was prone to big floods. In my family group (through Mary and Jonathan’s son John) the legend persists that John’s mother (Mary) was taken across the river for his birth, 24.6.1809 before a big flood. The Hawkesbury floods are well documented and on 1.8.1809 the river had risen to 48 feet, and eight lives were lost. In consequence of this, Windsor and other areas were laid out on higher ground in 1810. John’s death certificate gives his birth place as Windsor. The early Hawkesbury settlers met considerable difficulties before mastering their land (to some extant). Preparing their land for planting with primitive tools was exhausting. Crops could be lost entirely with one flood, and any stock they had was at risk at flood time. Along the river banks today you can still see some of the old two-storey barns where people and stock found shelter on the top floor during floods. Maybe a carpenter called Jonathan Brooker helped to build some of them. It is not surprising that many of the early Hawkesbury settlers sought land elsewhere, as this primitive flood-prone area had many disadvantages. Jonathan Brooker was interested in the Liverpool district, which included the present Campbelltown and Appin areas. The land he was granted at Airds was surveyed in 1809, but when the family moved there I do not know for certain. Neither do I know just when Mary Wade joined Jonathan Brooker, but it was before 1809 as their son John was born 24.6.1809 at Windsor, John was followed by two sisters, Elizabeth born 7.12.1810, Mary born 28.11.1812, and a brother James born 30.5.1814. Before the family could take up residence at Airds there was much to do. The land needed clearing and some sort of shelter was required. The area was originally timbered, and uncleared parts provided shelter for aborigines who were not always friendly. Escaped convicts were another problem, as they would plunder and steal. At the beginning of 1810 Lachlan Macquarie arrived to take over administration of the colony as Governor. He followed Bligh, a naval man, during whose term very considerable difficulties had arisen between the Governor and a militant military faction. Macquarie was the first military man to become Governor, and was accompanied by his own regiment. He was a very able administrator, a man of personal prestige, and one who did not engage in corrupt practices. He was very anxious to rehabilitate those convicts who had served out their terms, and been pardoned, and his policy aimed at achieving this. The policy was not acceptable to everyone in the colony, and so two sharp social divisions developed among the settlers. The names ‘exclusives’ and ‘emancipists’ explain themselves. Earlier in 1804, Governor King (formerly of Norfolk Island) set out the terms governing the assignment of convicts to settlers. The settler had to sign for his assigned convict, and had to feed, clothe and house him for twelve months. The hours of work for each convict were set down at ten hours on weekdays, and six hours on Saturday. Convicts could work for payment in their spare time but the settler had first call on any extra time worked by his assigned servant. Regaining liberty for a convict was achieved in one of four ways. Firstly a ticket-of-exemption allowed a convict to live with a particular person while of good behaviour. Such a convict was excused from Government service. Secondly, a ticket-of-leave exempted from both government and assignment service to work for himself. The government no longer fed, clothed or housed such a person. This was only given to industrious and honest convicts after satisfactorily serving three years of their sentence. Thirdly, conditional and absolute pardons were sometimes given for exceptional service. Fourthly, by expiration of the original sentence, freedom was gained. Jonathan Brooker had really gained his freedom by 1797 on Norfolk Island, where we find ‘free by servitude‘ against his name, but it was not til February, 1811, he received his Certificate of Emancipation, and although Lot 129 at Airds was surveyed in 1809 he did not receive official ownership till 1816, after he had already worked the land for several years. Mary Wade received her Certificate in September, 1812. Just when Jonathan and family were established in Airds I’m not sure, but Jonathan Brooker of Airds subscribed to a fund for building a Court House in Sydney, on the Liverpool subscription list 1.7.1813. While on the Hawkesbury or during the early years at Airds four children were born. Some evidence suggest the first three were born on the Hawkesbury, and the last one at Airds. These four children, John, Elizabeth, Mary and James all have baptismal records at Saint Luke’s Anglican Church, Liverpool, dated 13.4.1819, and the parents are given as Jonathan and Mary Brooker. The baptisms were performed by Rev. John Youl. I find the date interesting. Macquarie founded Liverpool in 1810. Six years later, in 1816, tenders were called for the building of a church designed by Greenway. Various difficulties were encountered during the building, and the church was not finished and opened till 3.12.1819 almost eight months after the recorded baptisms. Clergy in the colony were few, and Rev. Youl moved round the parish visiting settlers. It is possible the Brooker family were visited by Youl, the children were baptised, and the church entry made when Youl was next in Liverpool. No record of marriage between Mary and Jonathan has been found, but in an early community where conditions were hard, and clergy few, a long-standing stable relationship was accepted as such. Jonathan was over thirty when he arrived in the colony, and may well have left a legal wife in England. By the time Jonathan and Mary were on the Hawkesbury, Mary and her first three children had been accepted as Jonathan’s household. One child at least was not Jonathan’s, but Teague Harrigan’s. This child was called Brooker until he applied for land on the Illawarra in his correct name. With the receipt of their Certificates of Emancipation in 1811 and 1812, Jonathan and Mary were officially free people. By the time they were settled in Airds not only were they free, but their sizeable family spoke of stability in their relationship. Jonathan was either father or step-father of all the children, and Mary was their mother, and so it was with Jonathan who brought stability to Mary Wade’s life. Life was very hard for the early settlers at Airds who did not have money and influence on their side. Bush fires, droughts and failed crops were especially hard on them. These early emancipist settlers were allowed thirty acres each, with more added if the settler was supporting women and children. Under the conditions of these free land grants the land could not be sold or alienated for at least five years, and a minimum of fifteen acres of the grant should be under cultivation within five years. The Government reserved the right to run a road through the land at a later date, if such a road became necessary, and any timber the navy needed was reserved. The virgin land was covered with thick bush, and here and there were heavily timbered country. The initial clearing of the grant was done by a convict clearing party, but the settler and his one assigned convict did the rest. The first area completely cleared became the site of the first shelter, usually a simple rough slab hut and round this dwelling a vegetable garden and later an orchard developed. The success of this garden was important as food supply. When animals were acquired, pens and fences were needed. Roughly split wooden rails slipping into openings in wooden fence post were the usual fences. Jonathan Brooker was a carpenter would probably have found cutting the openings in the posts easier than did many others. When a cow was added to the farm we find pigs soon followed. In the Australian summer heat perishable goods like milk, cream and butter quickly deteriorated. Sour milk fed pigs and eventually pork reached the table. If an animal was slaughtered for food, a little was eaten fresh, but the bulk was salted, pickled or smoked. Drought came and the need to provide water for man, beast and garden was a new difficulty for the settlers. By 1815, a severe drought year, the need for well-watered pastures was urgent. Dr. Charles Throsby with a small party of men left Glenfield, in the Liverpool district, and hacked a track to the escarpment of the Illawarra Range, and then cut a track to the coastal land at the foot of the range. Good pasture and water were found. They also found areas of dense rain forest containing cedar, and the cedar getters soon followed. The Airds settlers were kept busy with their crops and their animals. The women looked after the food supply. The garden and orchard were theirs. They hoed and planted and watered. They cared for whatever clothes they had. Theirs too was the business of milking and making butter and cheese. Men and women had little time to spare. They worked from dawn to dusk in order to survive. They had no laid on water, no gas or electricity, and none of the appliances we consider essential today. If they had any light after dark it was either fire light or candles the women of the house had usually made them. I have so far only generally written about the emancipist settlers at Airds. Individually they often had greater difficulties. Jonathan Brooker was over fifty and supporting Mary and six children when they were at Airds. Mary’s first child, Sarah, had married William Rae in 1808. She was fifteen at the time. In 1817 Jonathan’s original grant, Portion 129, was passed over to Warby and Jonathan rented a few acres nearby. Twice in the next few years we find Jonathan appealing to the Governor for help. These petitions or memorials were signed by Jonathan, indicating some formal education. Most convicts and emancipist signed with a cross. The first petition was to Governor Macquarie, in which he stated he was renting twelve acres and requested another grant. In the records of the Liverpool Muster of 1822 Jonathan is shown as a land holder with nineteen acres cleared, ten acres of wheat, and half an acre of garden and orchard, five hogs and twelve bushels of maize in hand, together with four bushels of wheat. The following year on 12.11.1823 a serious bush fire caused great damage. The dwelling, crops, garden and all tools were lost. Jonathan was a carpenter by trade, and the loss of his tools was serious. The family was destitute and memorial of 20.12.1823 tells the story: 20th December, 1823 His Excellency Sir Thomas Brisbane K.C.B., Major General, Governor in Chief of New South Wales. The memorial of Jonathan Brooker, free by servitude who arrived in this colony per ship Atlantic in the year 1791 most respectfully setteth forth: That your memorialist (a joiner by trade) has a wife and seven children, five of whom are now residing with the memorialist and one only capable of labour and that he resides on a 20 acre farm in the district of Airds. That on the 12th November, his working tools, 18 acres of wheat and his home were destroyed by fire which has communicated the memorialist’s premises from the flames of the surrounding bush in absence of himself and family, by which accident memorialist and family are actually destitute of a habitation and deprived of every means of support. That the memorialist is 60 years of age and most humbly implores the charitable aid of Your Excellency in his afflicting case. And your Excellency memorialist as in duty and gratitation bound will ever pray. Signed by Jonathan Brooker A further note was appended by Rev. Thomas Reddell which reads; I do certify to the correctness of Petitioner’s Statement, and he having arrived at that period of life when physical powers of man are rapidly on the decline I must respectfully and indeed earnestly recommend him to Your Excellency consideration. Thomas Reddell K.P. Meanwhile the Illawarra forest with their cedar trees were being plundered by cedar getters. Being a carpenter, cedar would have had a special appeal for Jonathan. If cedar was taken from Government land a tax was charged, but from privately owned land there was no tax. It was not long before Jonathan Brooker had a grant of land in the Corrimal area of the Illawarra, as also did his sons and sons-in-law. In the 1825 Muster Jonathan was still a landholder at Airds, and living with him were Mary, his wife, and their four children, John, Mary and James and Edward Harrigan, aged 25 and recorded as Edward Brooker. Jonathan died on 14th March, 1833, and was buried in the grave yard behind St. Peter’s Church, Campbelltown, I found this burial at Campbelltown, although appropriate for a pioneer of the district, hard to understand, considering the difficulty that would be encountered transporting a body so far, until I read a report by Surveyor Jacques to the Surveyor General, written in December, 1831. He commented on the need for consecrated ground in the Illawarra, as the expenses involved in taking the dead to Campbelltown, the nearest consecrated place of burial, was beyond the means of most settlers. The distance was over thirty miles, and the journey involved the climbing of a mountain. As the register at St. Peter’s gives the date of death as 14.3.1833, and the burial date is 16.3.1833, it may be that Jonathan was in the area of Campbelltown when he died. As a carpenter he may have worked in the area from time to time. The 1828 Census gives his age as 68, so in 1833 he would have been 73 years old, quite a good age for a man of that era, and one who had suffered much hardship in his life, but one who had established a family in a new land against such odds. Mary Wade, now always known as Mary Brooker, continued to live on the Illawarra for a further quarter of a century, till her death 17.12.1859. Mary’s son Edward Harrigan had received a grant on the Illawarra at Fairy Meadow, and in 1857 he was instrumental in getting a church there. He made land available for the building, and later guaranteed the debt incurred in its construction. Parish records show that the first funeral service held in St. Paul’s Church of England at Fairy Meadow was Edward Harrigan’s mother, Mary Ann Brooker. Mary was buried in the old C. of E. cemetery at Wollongong. As Wollongong grew, this old cemetery became an eyesore. A special Parliamentary Act, 1940 (assented November 7th) cited Wollongong City Council as Trustees, and authorised the council to do such things as were necessary to convert the Cemetery to a Rest Park. Careful records were made of names and relevant information. Tombstones were then laid flat on their respective graves, and covered with several inches of soil. Lawn was laid over the area and some roses were planted. Surrounded by a low stone wall, the area has an Entrance Porch with a plaque reading: City of Wollongong Erected to the Memory of Pioneers of this District Who Here Lie at Rest. You cannot see Mary’s tombstone or her grave, but you can visit the Pioneer’s Rest Park and pay your tribute to a great survivor. After her death, 17.12.1859, the Illawarra Mercury, in an obituary, saluted her as the founding mother of the largest family in Australia. At the time of her death she had over 300 living descendants. Today she has thousands. Her death certificate is useless as a document for family history purposes. She was in the eighties when she died, with seven of her children still living. She was reputed to have had twenty-one children according to the certificate. The information regarding her death was supplied by the Coroner, and is scant. The certificate also states that she was married twice on Norfolk Island, first to Harrigan and then to Brooker. This is extremely unlikely to be true, and if it is true, both men were still alive in 1819, and no mention of divorce is made. No record of a marriage to either of these men has been located. Mary lived in difficult times, but such was her character, she survived the horror of a death sentence, separation from her family at the age of eleven, transportation across the seas for life, a baby on Norfolk Island before she was sixteen, life in a tent back in Sydney, the horrors of major floods on the Hawkesbury, and pioneering hardships at Airds until finally coming to rest on the Illawarra. I think all her descendants can be proud of her. How many of us, in our so called developed society, would survive her troubles and live on into our eighties? Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Transportation and the early years in NSW Subject The topic of the resource Convict life Description An account of the resource An examination of the conditions faced by convicts, and many details regarding the process of transportation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Mary Wade History Association Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade To Us 1986 Subject The topic of the resource Mary Wade to Us (book) Description An account of the resource Items relating to the original book <em>Mary Wade to Us</em> published in 1986 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. Mary Wade’s eldest child, Sarah Wade, was born at the Mount Pitt Settlement, Norfolk Island, on 22nd September, 1793 Mary, at the time of Sarah’s birth, being not quite sixteen years of age. Nothing more is known of Sarah until her marriage to William Ray in 1808, unless a slightly doubtful story of her swimming South Creek, Windsor, in what was probably the 1806 flood, is accepted. They were married in Parramatta, Parish of St. John’s, on the 4th April, 1808, by Captain Anthony Fenn Kemp, Magistrate. She was fourteen and William, a former convict transported on the Albermarle in 1791, about thirty two years of age. it must be noted here that Captain Kemp of the N.S.W. Corps, was one of the three magistrates appointed by the Interregnum Government of Lt. Colonel Paterson and Captain Macarthur and this fact has considerable bearing on Sarah’s later actions. The two eldest children were probably born near Windsor as there is evidence of the family’s residence there in the form of a Promissory Note, dated 1810, signed by William concerning the supply of grain to the local Government Store, but by 1813 they had moved to the vicinity of Campbelltown and in 1816 William received a grant of sixty acres of land near the BowBowing Creek, on the Sydney approaches to Campbelltown, District of Airds. There they first farmed and then opened an inn, known as ‘The Plough’, to help support their farming activities there having been a widespread drought in the colony during 181619 with a total crop failure in 1818, and, with permanent water and a road frontage, what could have been more practical? By 1822 their economic position had improved and they had a horse, twelve pigs and crops of wheat, barley and potatoes. The existence of the horse may indicate that they actually had a plough. The marriage seems to have broken down in 1822/23 when Sarah removed herself and the four younger children to the next door farm of Nathaniel Boon who had arrived in the colony aboard the Admiral Gambier in 1811. Seven children were born of this union, including triplets much to the surprise of the colony. In 1831 Sarah married Boon, although Ray was still alive. This was now possible as Governor Macquarie had been instructed by the Home Government to cancel all contracts entered into under the Interregnum Government instituted after the overthrow of Governor Bligh by the Rum Corps. Consequently, in strictly legal terms Sarah was no longer the wife of William Ray. There is no clear evidence that Sarah appreciated the significance of the above. It is rather more likely that Boon’s increasing prosperity brought a realisation of the desirability of having a legal heir. It was only on the fourth application to marry that the necessary permission was obtained, and the marriage took place at St. John’s Parramatta, conducted by the Rev. Samuel Marsden in 1831. Two more children were born thereafter, the boy Daniel becoming Nathaniel’s legal heir. In the meantime, what appears to be a most amicable relationship existed between the two families. In 1825 the three middle children were back living with William and in 1826 he sold the Inn and seven acres to Nathaniel, at the same time disposing of an adjoining twenty five acres to James Ryan, thought to be a front for Nathaniel, the latter undoubtedly becoming owner. William Ray and William jnr then moved over the hill to farm the remainder of the grant. Sometime after 1826, probably in consequence of the 1825 law requiring inns to furnish accommodation, Boon erected a fine two storey house next to the humble ‘Plough’, the whole being renamed ‘The Three Brothers’ in 1830 (thus commemorating the birth of the triplets Nicholas, Jonathan and James). It was to this inn, still named ‘The Plough’ that John Farley ran with his tale of seeing Fisher’s Ghost. Sarah may well have managed the accommodation side of the business, perhaps aided by her daughters, both before and certainly after Nathaniel’s death in 1839, whilst residing in the Boon farmhouse with her increasing brood of children. William Ray had predeceased Nathaniel by four years and Sarah was left with two families on her hands, albeit one grown. In 1846 she leased the Inn to William Ray jnr on behalf of the twelve year old Daniel Boon and, at some date between then and 1869 it was sold to John Jenkins, husband of her daughter, Maria Ray. In 1860 she acquired Daniel’s inherited thirty three acres and in 1875 sold it to William jnr for an annuity of five pounds per annum. Around this time she retired to her grandfather’s home at Picton and died there in 1887, being remembered as Grannie Boon who smoked a clay pipe. Sarah and William had five children; Mary, Sophia William jnr, John and Maria. Mary the eldest child, died at the age of twenty-eight in 1837. When thirteen years of age she went to work in the home of the local magistrate, William Howe. When seventeen she had a son, Edward, fathered by Mr. Howe’s son, John. A second son, George Henry, arrived some three years later. An application for Mary to marry Amos crisp of Saffron, Lower Minto, was made about this time, but nothing came of it. Mary’s two sons did well despite their inauspicious beginnings. Edward worked with his uncle William Ray, and great-uncle Henry Angel on Uardry station before moving to Hay where he became the licencee of the Farmer’s Home Hotel. He died as a result of a driving accident. It appears that Mary Ray remained in Campbelltown till her death in 1837. Sophia, the second Ray child, also entered service in the Howe household when only ten years old in 1822. In 1830, aged eighteen, Sophia was married to Thomas Rudd jnr, aged twenty four, at St. Peter’s, Campbelitown. The couple lived for a time on a farm at Airds, a gift from Thomas Rudd Snr. who had arrived in the colony on the ship Cornwallis in 1796. Some years later they left the district and settled on a property, ‘Tenandra’, near Gundagai, not far from ‘Nangus’, the home of Sophia’s younger sister Maria who had married John Jenkins. Sophia and Thomas Rudd had ten children, nine girls and one son. Nothing further is known of the son. Their eldest daughter, Ann Mary (or Maria) married Robert Higgins who pioneered ‘Ulonga’ near Hay and later ran the Australian Family Hotel in Wagga Wagga. This marriage made Ann Mary a sisterinlaw of her uncle John Ray, and aunt to her first cousins, which must have been a source of amusement as well as confusion. She was long remembered on the Murrumbidgee for her unselfish kindness. Another of Sophia’s daughters, Amelia Emily, married her first cousin, William Henry Jenkins, second son of Maria Ray and John Jenkins of the ‘Nangus’ property near Gundagai. This Catholic ceremony took place on the 3rd February, 1867 at ‘Nangus’. It was conducted by James Foley, a priest from Tumut. William’s occupation was given as farmer, living on ‘Nangus’. After a stint of mining at Upper Tumbarumba, where their first child, Albert Edward, was born on the 28th September, 1867 they returned to ‘Nangus’ prior to 1880 with seven children, one other child having died in infancy. The family ‘squatted’ at Billabong Creek near ‘Nangus’ and remained there for several years. Ten more children were born, making eighteen in all. In January, 1902 a big bushfire was disastrous for them. In a letter to his aunt dated the 2nd January, 1902, W.]. McKinney o ‘Nangus’ station wrote: Billabong Jenkins has lost fencing, all his wheat, all his grass, and a lot of sheep and horses Old Jenkins went to bed and cried all day. . . James Beveridge bought all the land in and around Billabong Creek from the Crown on the 12th November, 1904, and settled his newly married son onto Billabong, making it necessary for William Henry Jenkins and his large family to move. William and some of his family remained in the area. He died in Junee Cottage Hospital on the 23rd October, 1923 and is buried in the Church of England Cemetery, Nangus. No headstone marks his grave. His wife, Amelia, died on the 4th November, 1927. Later generations of the Jenkins group are well spread through the Riverina, at Broken Hill and in South Australia. Sarah’s third child, William Ray Jnr was twenty one when his father died in 1835 and he inherited the residue of the original sixty acre grant. He married in 1841 and in 1846, perhaps to help weather the recession and drought of the 1840’s, he leased ‘The Three Brothers’ from his mother. Eight years later he embarked on a series of purchases, first having sold his farm to his younger brother, John, in 1854. In 1855 he bought the seventy five acre Brooker’s Farm from his uncle. William Brooker. In the same year he purchased the five hundred acre Mount Pleasant Estate on the Camden Road from his brother-in-law, John Jenkins of Gundagai, and also, date unknown, bought up a fifty acre block in the same area between the Glebe lands and Thosby’s. After fifteen years things were not going so well and he became insolvent in 1869, with the Australian Joint Stock Bank seizing the smaller acreage and selling up Mount Pleasant for half its value. However, the Inn remained, as John Jenkins was still the actual owner, a proposed sale (providentially for William) not having been completed. By 1875 he had recovered sufficiently to buy the thirty three Boon acres from his mother it was a long term arrangement, the terms being an annuity for life for Sarah which then passed to his half-brother, Thomas Boon, at Gundagai. He also owned ‘Barmedman’ station on the Lachlan. River. He then, at long last, acquired the elusive Inn. John Jenkins had conveyed it to his son John Francis in 1875 and he in turn, conveyed it back to his Uncle William in 1877. The last mention of William in Campbelltown is a Directory listing for 18812, his residence being ‘Borobine House’ a fine name for an old Inn. He sold it in 1884 to Hon. John Davis C. M. C. The house and the old ‘Plough Inn’ beside it still stand, and carry a National Trust listing. The house is presently named ‘Holly Lea’ and is in use as a private residence. William died in 1885 at the residence of his son, George Robert, in Marrickville. The fourth child of William and Sarah Ray was John Ray, born in 1817 at Campbelitown. Not a great deal is known about him. In 1842 he married Hannah Higgins of Rosemont Farm, Campbelltown, at St. John’s Church. It would appear most of their children were born in the Riverina. In 1854 John negotiated the purchase of land (about twelve hundred acres in all) from the Antills, and in 1856 he bought more land from Welsh and Thacker at Picton. As well, in 1854, he bought his brother William’s farm at Campbelltown. He later acquired a hotel (Ray’s Picton Inn) and in 1858 a butchering business this latter purchase being a fairly common practice with stockholders near towns. John died an untimely death from consumption in 1859, leaving Hannah with eight children under sixteen years of age and a commensurate amount of property with which to cope. The eldest son Robert, inherited an entailed five hundred acres but, after gaining experience on relatives’ properties, ventured north to Queensland where he took up Cardowan Station, a cattle property about sixty miles south of Mackay, first in partnership with one of the Hayes of Gundagai and then as sole owner. He was an expert cattleman and a fine judge of horses (a silver tea and coffee service testifies to this). He married his first cousin Maria Jenkins of ‘Nangus’, Gundagai in 1869 and they travelled to Queensland by horse and buggy despite the existence, by that time, of a more comfortable steamer service. The St. Lawrence area was wild country but in spite of several threatening encounters with Myall blacks his relationship with the local aborigines always remained friendly perhaps they thought more kindly of him when he rescued a little black girl suffering from a badly broken leg. Robert died in 1898 (buried in what is now the front lawn of the new homestead) leaving the property entailed to his eldest son, Waiter, who promptly sold it to John Shannon of neighbouring Saltbrush Park. He then bought ‘Mulambin’, near Yeppoon which is still owned by his children. He disposed of his father’s five hundred acres in Picton in 1903. Of Robert’s other children: Francis Robert, after working on various cattle runs in Western Queensland, bought a pineapple farm, also at Yeppoon and, in turn, his son, jack, became a cane farmer near Mackay. The second son, having suffered sunstroke, remained with his father; Sydney also worked with cattle out west both before and after his stint in the Great War and was, at one time, contract mailman on the Mackay Clermont route. He died, unmarried, in 1935 of cancer thought to be a result of his war service in France; Arnold gravitated to Cunnamulla where he owned the openair cinema and the Blue Bird Cafe. Nothing is known of his two sons; Eleanor and May, educated at St. Paul’s School, Rockhampton, came to Sydney and took up nursing, training at the Women’s Hospital, Crown Street, In 1929 Eleanor was married to Martin Rowland Shannon, Olive Downs, Nebo, Queensland. He was a barrister at law, being the second son of the same John Shannon who had purchased Cardowan Station thirty four years earlier. Amy died, unmarried, in Salzburg, Austria, in 1962 whilst travelling to Switzerland. The second son of John Ray and Hannah Higgins was another John Ray. He inherited three hundred acres (part of ‘Wellington Park’, so named by the original grantee. Dr. Elyard, who had served with the Duke of Wellington during the Napoleonic Wars). He carried on farming and the butchering business for a few years and then moved to the Murrumbidgee where he took up part of ‘Arajoel’ on Old Man’s Creek, east of Narrandera. He married Annie Toland, daughter of Scottish settlers, in 1865 and several of his family of fourteen were born there. Next, date and reason unkown (the drought of 1869 perhaps), he left this property and took up farming in the vicinity of Junee. Again on an unspecified date (though probably in the 1870’s as a road building program had been initiated in 1869 by the Commissioner for Roads at a rate of fifty pounds per mile) John contracted to build a stretch of road near Picton. His dutiful wife accompanied him in a tent home. The placement of this tent became a matter of care after once being pitched, on apparently sound ground, only to have the horsehair sofa subside suddenly into a defunct rabbit warren. Bushrangers were also a hazard, and John arrived home one night just in time to retrieve the spare horse team from their rapacity Annie’s caution kept their money in a calico bag inside her corsets. In 1907 John suffered a heart attack while out shooting on ‘Wantabadgery’ and his body was railed to Picton for burial. George, the third son, who was nine years old when his father died, does not appear to have had the urge to go bush but remained with Hannah, occupied in the running of ‘Ray’s Picton Inn’ from 1867 to 1877 he is Directory listed as co-owner and then sole proprietor but it was, in fact, a family trust and his mother’s means of livelihood. In 1877 the Inn was disposed of to the Commercial Bank (thereafter becoming the Commercial Hotel) and George thenceforward devoted himself completely to farming at ‘Wellington Park’, (his inherited portion being four hundred acres). In the ensuing years he built up a prosperous dairying business and bred one of the finest Guernsey herds in the state. In 1822 he married Amy Hilder and from this marriage stemmed the Ray Bros. (George, John and Thomas) breeders of blue ribbon dairy cattle. On Amy’s death his unmarried sister Caroline took charge of house and children until he remarried. ‘Wellington Park’ is still run by the family and it was here that was housed the earliest known authenticated picture of any of Mary Wade’s children an oil painting of Sarah. Daniel, the youngest son, despite openings offering into the hotel business and the land, joined the railways Picton in the 1860/70’s was the centre of the new Southern line and, no doubt, the new technology was more attractive than the traditional occupations. Even so he loved the land and frequently visited his relatives thereon for the shooting he had become a crack shot and often joined exhibitions of trap shooting, live birds, not clay pigeons, being in the trap. Daniel owned an extremely fine Cashmore gun which is now in the possession of a great grandson. Another sport in which he excelled was cricket and he played for the Picton Cricket Club for many years, being a fine batsman. His nature was affectionate and gentle and he enjoyed taking his grandchildren and nephews around with him in his various pursuits. He married Sarah Reid, daughter of an Irish family of Menangle. They had five children and in his retirement lived in Picton Cottage, Regent Street, Summer Hill, where he died in 1932. Maria, the youngest but the longest lived of the Ray children, was brought up in the Boon household, the increasing prosperity of which probably enabled her to go to the Rev. Reddall’s parochial school for she signed the register in a fair hand on her marriage day. She was a woman of great strength, both of body and character, for she bore twelve children, mostly in primitive conditions, raising ten to adulthood and was respected for her commanding personality being, as it was, leavened by religious tolerance and a generous charity. It is to be hoped she also had a sense of humour. in 1841, in St. Peter’s Campbelltown, Maria was married to John Jenkins (who had arrived free aboard the Grenada in 1826) who, with his brother Francis, had taken up the runs of ‘Buckingbong’ and ‘Gillenbah’ near Narrandera on the Murrumbidgee, in 1832. Family history has it that she rode the entire distance to her new home, thus escaping the weary jolting of a dray. The Jenkinses survived the drought and depression of the 1840’s to make a fortune running sheep and cattle to feed the hungry Victorian goldfields of the fifties. This was the period that saw the rise of the bushranger and one story tells of Maria sewing sovereigns into her little daughter’s petticoats in case of a holdup. As she made regular trips to Campbelltown, it must have been a most necessary precaution. In the mid1850’s John purchased ‘Nangus’ at Gundagai (a property of fifty seven thousand acres) from William and Hannibal Macarthur and built an imposing house of Georgian design in which to house their large family. The next forty years were prosperous ones. Whilst John interested himself in flour milling, the steamer trade and winemaking besides his pastoral activities, Maria saw to the laying out and cultivation of a fine garden and to the education of her children, several of whom had outstanding musical ability. Tutors and governesses were not wanting, nor was she behind in the new technology in a time when all clothes were laboriously hand sewn she boasted the ownership of the first sewing machine on the River. Meanwhile the children began to marry: John Francis to Kate Fennel] of Wagga Wagga, daughter of an Irish political exile, settled on Wonbobby, Tumbalong; Charlotte to (1) William Hayes, also an Irishman, member of the Wagga Wagga flour milling family and (2) to Hamilton Stanley; William Henry to Amelia Rudd, cousin, settling on ‘Billabong’, next to ‘Nangus’; Maria to Robert Ray, cousin, settling on ‘Cardowan’ near Mackay, Queensland; Sarah to Daniel Fennel], brother to Kate, farmer, stock and station agent and horseman “extraordinaire; Frank to Sophia Cazelly; Eliza to George Mair, a farmer and auctioneer; and Mary Jane (Minnie) to Andrew Steel Beveridge, son of Scottish settlers, sheep farmer on ‘Mullah’, Trangie. The Australian Joint Stock Bank failure of the 1890’s caught John and they retired to ‘Buckingbong’, where he died at the turn of the century. Maria, after her brother-inlaw’s death and the sale of ‘Buckingbong’, went to live with her youngest daughter, Mrs. Steel Beveridge, in her new Sydney home ‘Blairgowrie’, Epping, and there she died, almost one hundred and two years of age. It is amazing to reflect that she lived from a time when there was barely a plough in the colony to times when aeroplanes and motor cars were almost commonplace and Australian women had the vote, of which latter right she was very proud it is tragic to know she wrote her memoirs and they were destroyed by fire. The information on Sarah’s Boon children is, at present, very limited. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade Descendants through her daughter, Sarah Subject The topic of the resource Sarah Wade Description An account of the resource The story of Mary's descendants through her daughter Sarah. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Mary Wade History Association (Editorial Committee) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Norma Campbell; Ruth Hennessy; Rosemary Phillips Language A language of the resource en-au Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade's Children Description An account of the resource Stories of the first generations following Mary Wade. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. Mary Wade’s second son, William, was born on Norfolk Island in 1796. As he is listed in the Victuall Book of that year as “Wade - convict’s child”, there is no clear identity of his father. Mary, on her return from Norfolk, shared consecutive relationships in New South Wales with Teague Harrigan and Jonathan Brooker, both of whom were convicts on Norfolk Island at the time of William’s birth. However, her long-standing relationship was with the latter, who became the father figure in William’s life. William is next mentioned in the NSW muster of 1806 as one of three children living with his mother at Sydney Cove. Mary was assigned as housekeeper to Teague Harrigan who had since gained his freedom. A Harrigan family reminiscence has it that their home was a tent by the Tank Stream, Sydney’s earliest water supply, now situated beneath Pitt Street. At about this time a child born of the Harrigan-Wade relationship died. The death occurred in 1803 and is recorded in the Mutch Papers and in St Philip’s church records. It seems that Mary’s relationship with Teague Harrigan ceased when he departed on a whaling expedition, as related elsewhere in this book. Jonathan Brooker then renewed, or established his association with Mary, and the couple settled near the Hawkesbury River where another child, John, was born in 1809. William would have lived with his parents in the Hawkesbury district until the family made its move to Airds (now Campbelltown) a year or so after John’s birth. The family soon increased with the births of three more children: Elizabeth (1810), Mary (1812) and James (1814). Jonathan at this time was a landholder, supporting his family as a carpenter. In 1811 he received a land grant of 60 acres in the Illawarra region but did not immediately settle on it. This land, situated at Corrimal, north of Wollongong, was inherited by William as eldest son at law when his father died in 1833. On 10th February 1817 William married Sophia Mitton, eldest of ten children born to a convict couple, John Mitton and Catherine Lahey. John Mitton had received an unconditional pardon while employed as a police constable at Toongabbie, upon his apprehension leading to a conviction of a person using an illegal still. Catherine had been transported for forgery, having attempted to make a copper coin look like a shilling. William was about 20 when he married; Sophia was 16. On 5th April 1821 William became a landholder at Airds, on receipt of a Macquarie grant of 60 acres. It would appear that he had learnt the carpentry trade from his father and that he worked as a carpenter and joiner in the Campbelltown area. Sophia was 19 when her first child, Mary Ann, was born in March 1821. She bore eleven more children during the next 25 years. The last of her children, twin boys, were born in 1846 when Sophia was 45. St Peter’s Church records reveal that William, having such a large family, could not pay his pew rents and cleared his debt by completing building tasks for the Church. No doubt many couples with large families would have acted similarly. In 1826 William was a suspect in the sensational murder of Frederick Fisher at Campbelltown. There had been ill feeling between Fisher and William after Fisher short-changed him for his work on Fisher’s Inn, the Horse and Jockey. Fisher lost a court case held over the matter and maintained a deep grudge which finally resulted in his stabbing William after an argument in the Horse and jockey in 1825. Fisher was charged and convicted but received a surprisingly light sentence of six months imprisonment and a fine. William gave forth to a loud display of bad temper at this judgement in the court room, and was rebuked by the magistrate. As a result of this connection with Fisher, William became a prime suspect when Fisher’s badly bashed body was discovered buried in a swamp in October 1826. In fact, William was not responsible for the murder. The assailant committed and found guilty was George Worrall, with whom Fisher had shared residence and signed over custody of his property while serving time in prison for the assault on William. During Worrall’s trial, evidence was also given that Fisher had attempted to default William’s brother-in-law, Nathaniel Boon. William qualified to serve as a juror on 4th December 1826. Testimony to his skill as builder is provided by the fact that William, a Protestant, successfully tendered for and proceeded to construct the roof of the Catholic Church at Campbelltown. The 1828 Census listed him as the holder of 60 acres in the Parish of St Peter, County of Cumberland, 20 acres of which were cleared and stocked with 10 or 20 head of cattle. On 15th May 1852 he increased his holding in the Campbelltown district through the purchase of his father-in-law, John Mitton’s Macquarie grant (Portion 131 Parish of St Peter); and in addition to this, he had earlier acquired Charlotte Wair’s land (Portion 130). William also inherited his father’s 60 acres on the Illawarra, but he sold this to his brother, James. By 1865 William had moved part of his family to Wagga, joining other relatives already settled there. In the Lake Albert district his sister, Mary, lived with her husband, Henry Angel; while in the Albury district, his son, William, resided. William’s second daughter, Sarah and her husband, Edward Rudd, also made the move to Wagga. Edward, the youngest son of Thomas Rudd of Campbelitown, had three brothers who were settled on the Murrumbidgee. Edward acquired land by the Albury Road and raised a family there. The Robertson land Acts were clearly encouraging a southwest drift of settlers from Campbelltown towards Wagga and Albury. When William moved to the Lake Albert area, south of Wagga, his son James and his wife, Mary Ann (nee Jamison), chose to live on William’s Wagga property. Via one of Mary Ann’s descendants, her granddaughter, Hazel Denton, the following incident has been preserved. Apparently, neighbours of William and Sophia, the Holders, contracted typhoid. On learning of this, Mary Ann left her baby with her mother-in-law, Sophia, in order to nurse the Holder family. However, as she had to breast-feed her baby, she would cross a paddock and come to the fence where Sophia would pass the baby over for feeding. Such was an example of the kind of cooperation that existed amongst pioneering families. Upon William’s death in 1885, James inherited the Lake Albert property he had worked with his father. Most of the land acquired is still held by members of the family. William’s eldest daughter, Mary Ann, married James Warby in 1824 and had five children. James died in 1849 and Mary Ann married Thomas Byrne in 1853, later having two children to him. The couple became licencees of the Australian Hotel in Wagga, which was renovated by William for them. According to an 1872 description of the building, it was situated on 1½ acres on the high side of the street and because of its trade was known like other successful hotels as a ‘quartz reef’, having 55 rooms, several private suites, being a brick building with kitchens and outhouses at the rear. Today it still stands, an arcade being constructed within its walls. Only one child from Mary Anne’s marriage to James Warby had issue namely, James Edward Warby who in 1865 married Sarah Lakeman and had 12 children. It appears James E. Warby dealt in property and settled on ‘Billenbah’ near Narrandera, where a fine home was built. Tragedy struck in January 1911 when two young men working for him murdered his wife and his youngest daughter, Amy Mayo. For this crime they were hanged. William’s first son, William, married a widow, Elizabeth Henrietta Warby, whose first husband was Robert Warby, brother-in-law of William’s eldest daughter. William raised children from Elizabeth’s first marriage as well as children of his own. They lived in the Albury area on a farm eventually absorbed into the city of Albury. William’s daughter, Elizabeth, married Reuben Hannan and lived near her father at Lake Albert now a suburb on the southern side of Wagga. Jonathan married Elizabeth Rea (later Ray) at Wagga on 5th December 1860. The couple had 10 children, four of whom married and settled in the Wagga district. Sophia Jane (known as Jane) married John Bentley who started the Wagga Express. They had eight children. When Bentley died in 1880, Jane married Samuel Larkins. She appears on the Wagga electoral roll of 1908, but cannot be traced after this date. Her eldest son, Richard, was a milk vendor residing at 2 King Street Newtown, Sydney, in 1908. He was married and had issue, but no further details about him are known. Joseph Henry died in 1840 when only 10 months of age. Eliza married William Munro who had died by 1869 when she then married Arthur Lenon. She died at Liverpool in 1877 and was buried next to her grandfather, Jonathan Brooker, in St Peter’s Churchyard, Campbelltown. Her tombstone states that she had ‘5 children lament her loss’ but no details about them can be found. The last of William and Sophia’s children were the twins, Joseph and Henry. Joseph did not marry, and died at Wagga in 1929. An obituary in the Wagga Advertiser states that his twin, Edward was alive at the time but we have no further information about him. With the sole exception of Eliza then, all of William’s children settled permanently in the vicinity of Wagga and Albury. Their story, in the main, is that of pioneering stock who participated in the southwestward drift of smaller landholders from Campbelltown to the eastern Riverina. Hardworking and respectable, they had before them the example set by William, the Norfolk Island born son of convict parents, who himself never shied from heavy toil. It is recorded of William for example, that at the age of 96, three months before he died he carried two kerosene tins full of water from a nearby creek to his home. Doubtless a great number of William’s descendants showed similar strength and determination in their struggle to make good in a harsh land. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade Descendants through her son, William Brooker Subject The topic of the resource Brooker Family Description An account of the resource The story of Mary Wade's descendants through her son William Brooker. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Mary Wade History Association (Editorial Committee) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Norma Campbell Language A language of the resource en-au Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade's Children Description An account of the resource Stories of the first generations following Mary Wade. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. Edward was born 20th Aug, 1803. This event, according to his mother, took place in a tent on a bank of the Tank Stream in Sydney. The child was baptised at St Phillips Church on Christmas Day, 1804. His father, Teague Harrigan, was then a free man working for himself. Work may have been scarce, and in 1806 we find Teague joined a whaling and sealing expedition on board the Brigantine Fox, and he does not re-enter our story. Mary was left with the baby Edward and two other small children, Sarah and William, who had been born on Norfolk Island. We next find Mary and her three children in the household of Jonathan Brooker on the Hawkesbury. In 1809 another boy joined them with the birth of John, son of Jonathan and Mary, at Windsor in 1809. John was followed by two sisters and a brother, making a household of two adults and seven children. Jonathan moved his household to his Grant at Airds (now Campbelltown) before 1814. Edward (listed as Edward Brooker) was now a lad of ten or eleven years, and would assist with the farm work. He was fortunate to attend night school for six months. In 1815, aged 12 years, Edward accompanied his stepfather, Jonathan Brooker, in a party of cedar getters on the eastern slopes of the Illawarra Range. Edward was a big, strong lad, able to carry out the arduous tasks of cedar getting. Jonathan Brooker and his household were established on the Illawarra by 1828 and in the Census of that year; Edward is listed as Edward Brooker. He was ambitious enough to ask for a Grant while still a youth of 15. Family and oral history has it that when asked by the Governor what he would do with a Grant he replied: “I will work it”. He early showed an ability to produce a necessary tool when he built a plough. Edward's grant was 60 acres at Tarrawanna, known as Spring Farm; so called because of its adequate water supply. Later on in drought years, water from Spring Farm met the needs of several households in the area between Corrimal and Wollongong. There were also good stands of building timber on the property, including red cedar, much of which was used to build the homestead. A saw pit was dug, trees were felled and cut into frame timber and weatherboard, the latter being planed and beaded by hand, then nailed in place with handmade nails. There being no galvanised iron for roofing, shingles were made, and by necessity the farm became self-sufficient to a degree; most of the requirements of life, food, means of transport, building etc., being grown, manufactured or built on the property. About 1833 it is believed that Edward married Mrs Mary Webber and set up a home on Spring Farm. Both Edward and Mary were in their thirties. Three children were born to them at Tarrawanna, Mary Anne (1835), Elizabeth (1837) and James Edward (1839). In 1849, Edward paid an extended visit to the Hay district to assess the farming prospects of the area. His relatives (Rays and Angels) had large sheep and cattle runs near Hay. Edward preferred the Illawarra area and returned there in 1353 for good. Soon after his return, on 7th February 1854, he and his wife Mary were travelling to Wollongong in a spring cart which capsized after hitting a stump. Mary was thrown out and fatally injured. Two months later his daughter, Elizabeth, aged 17, married Robert Spinks on 25th April, 1854 and a few months later, Edward married for the second time. The second Mrs Edward Harrigan was Jane Willison Wood, born 1820 in Ireland. Jane was the eldest daughter of William Willison Wood, an architect of Cork. She was born in St. Patrick's Street, Cork. In 1849, Jane, with her mother and younger sister, Elizabeth, arrived in Melbourne and later came to Wollongong. The Wood sisters were well-educated women and established a private school at Market Square, Wollongong. At the time of her marriage, Jane's stepchildren were in their teens and Elizabeth was married. Jane and Edward were devout Christians and in 1857 began moves to obtain a Church at Tarrawanna to serve all denominations. Edward provided the land, and at a later stage guaranteed debt incurred in building. A weatherboard church was built at a cost of ninety pounds Payne's Lane, now Caldwell Avenue. The Church of England acquired the Church on December 1859. Parish records show that first funeral at St Paul's Church of England at Meadow was that of Edward's mother, Mary Anne Brooker (nee Wade) who had died previous day on 17th December 1859. Edward died on 9th July 1891 in his 88th year having firmly established a family group Australia. To return to Edward’s children, we first born child, Mary Anne (1835), remained at Tarrawanna until her early death on 7th August 1870. Elizabeth (1837) had married Spinks, a local man of Towradgi, Illawarra her father’s second marriage. Elizabeth and Robert remained at Towradgi for several years. Their first six children were born there between 1855 and 1862. They then moved to a farm at Milton, near Ulladulla, where eight more children were born between 1866 and 1879. Sadly, at the age of 8 years, a son, William Spinks, was found dead in the bush. Cause of death was unknown and a Coroner’s Inquest was held. William was buried on the 14th October, 1874 at Church of England Ulladulla. The following was written in Elizabeth’s hand writing and placed in her Bible. The Folded Lamb In Memory of my Dear Little Willie I have a little child in heaven, A dear one angel-bright, Christ unto him a crown has given, and garments pure and white He stands upon the crystal sea, Before the Throne above, With harp and palm of victory, And sings the songs of love. I miss the hands that clung to me, And made my heart so glad, I miss his prattle and his glee, And I am very sad. God’s will be done, He knoweth best, His wanderings are O’er, My little lamb is safe at rest, Where sin can hurt no more. He might have stayed - I cannot tell, Christ knew what lay before, But now I know that all is well, And fear for him no more. Before one rising cloud could dim, It’s sky, or drop in tears, Christ came and took him home with Him, To summer all the years. I often think where he has gone, What honour great I bear, That I have one before the Throne, Who calls me Mother there. He is with Christ and I am his, Round him our heart entwined, And tho’up the heights of bliss, In Heaven he’s still mine. The Spinks family home at Milton was of timber with a shingle roof. Water for the house was carried in drums from a spring about 50 yards away. Robert was certainly head of the house, and no child left the table before the end of a meal. The Spinks’ owned a large buggy pulled by a grey horse. This provided the means of transport for the family. The farm was not really big enough to support the large growing family, so the older children left home to find work elsewhere. Robert Spinks died on 30th April 1908 aged 86 years, leaving his Ulladulla property to his only unmarried daughter, Matilda Jane, together with his cattle, household effects and furniture. It seems Matilda sold out and bought a house in Sydney at Randwick as we find Elizabeth Spinks (nee Harrigan) died at the Home of Peace, Marrickville on 20th December 1915 and is buried at Rookwood. The last child of Edward’s first marriage was James Edward Harrigan (Ned). He married Amelia Ann Thornton in 1859 and when the Kangaloon area was settled in the early sixties, he took up land on conditional purchase terms adjacent to his step uncle, John Brooker. James Edward and Amelia had 10 children, none of whom are now in the Kangaloon area. As the children grew up the farm was not big enough to support them all, so we find several of the boys went further afield for land. Some went to the north coast, some to the central coast, where they established families. The fifth son, George, married Annie Piper and remained for many years on the original holding. As George’s family grew, they too moved away. His eldest daughter, Olga, married Roy Nelson and went to Dorrigo where some of her descendants are still on the land. James Edward’s daughters also married and left the district. His youngest daughter, Elsie, married a teacher, John Irish. The Irishes finally settled in Newcastle where James Edward spent his last years, dying at their home on 12th May 1929. After the death of his first wife, Amelia, James Edward married Louise Brenning on 5th June 1889. There were no children to this marriage. James Edward and his wives are buried at East Kangaloon. The children of Edward’s second marriage were Sarah (1855), William (1857), Louisa (1860) and Alice (1862). These children were all born on Spring Farm. Sarah Harrigan was born when her mother was 35 and her father 52. She lived at Spring Farm until she married Charles Kevern Thorn in 1884. Charles Thorn, originally from Adelaide, had left home when 12. During a roving life he acquired carpentry skills and some of the timber houses he built in the Corrimal district still stand. They had six children in seven years, of whom four survived. Sarah died soon after the birth of the sixth child, and this last infant only survived a few months. Charles Thorn raised these children together with the children of his next marriage. The surviving children were Myrtle, Illilias Helen, Angus and Muriel, Myrtle married twice and had ten children (including twins) and lived to 90 years of age. Illilias Helen (Lil), married William Phillips. They moved to Bowenfels because of their daughter’s health. The family were stricken with pneumonic influenza during the severe epidemic after World War 1. The father nursed his wife and three children successfully, and then succumbed himself. Lil then took her children and household goods to Sydney in a horsedrawn cart where she worked in boarding houses, eventually owning her own establishment, and in this way supported her family. Angus Kevern Thorn, born 1890, early knew his own mind. His parents wanted him to become a teacher; he wanted to be a carpenter, so he left home aged 12, went to Sydney, found board at Birchgrove and got a job with a stonemason and builder at Willoughby. For a week he walked to work each day, then said he couldn’t keep doing this, so his employer provided accommodation in his own home and apprenticed the lad. Eventually Angus married the boss’s daughter’ and began his own family and business. During his working life all his building materials were carried on a Harley Davidson motor cycle with sidecar. Apart from his building interests, Angus interested himself in community affairs and served nine years as an alderman on Mosman Council. Muriel Thorn, born 1891, married Lester John Lane (Wick) and lived until her 90th year. William Harrigan, born 22nd December 1857, was the second child and only son of Edward Harrigan and Jane Wood. As sole heir he eventually took over Spring Farm and worked the property until his death in 1948. William received his early education at Fairy Meadow Public School where he was associated with the planting of a fig tree, still standing in 1986. He soon showed skill at carpentry. At the age of 14 he was sent to Leichhardt, a Sydney suburb of one house at that time, to learn his trade of carpentry and cabinetmaking. On returning to Illawarra he was employed at the South Bulli, Corrimal and Mount Pleasant mines as a pit sawyer, miner and carpenter. He later became involved in other large timber construction of the time, including bridges for Illawarra Council. As a young man he joined the Wollongong Garrison Artillery Volunteers and was a member of the Wollongong Rifle Club for forty years. He became an expert shot, representing N.S.W. at interstate meetings, and was awarded many trophies, including the Queen’s Badge. He also interested himself in civic affairs, serving as an alderman on the Illawarra Municipal Council for many years. In 1881 William married Elizabeth Williamson of Dapto, the issue being four sons, Charles Edward (1882), William James (1883), Herbert Ernest (1885) and William Leslie (1892). All were born at Spring Farm. Charles and William James, after working in coal mines for a number of years became pioneers and successful farmers in the Dorrigo district, where their descendants are found today. William James, on 4th September 1908, selected 213 acres of land situated 15 miles from Dorrigo on the old Armidale road at a place known as Deer Vale. The following year he left the mine and accompanied by his father, returned to build a tworoom slab house on the property. On 27th April 1910 James married Clara Tucker of Balgownie. James worked hard and long to develop the land and support his wife and the four children born between 1911 and 1920. Trees were felled, scrub cleared and by 1914 the farm began to do better than break even. Times were hard and up to this point he had found it necessary to supplement the farm income by taking outside work; but now milk cream and other produce reached the market in a quantity that made the farm a viable proposition. With success came expansion: another farm was purchased and over the years James continued to develop and improve his holdings. To James the land was his life, and he worked it until he was over eighty. He died at Dorrigo on 31st July 1974, aged 91 years. The old slab hut still stands on the property a monument to his endeavour. Charles Edward, elder brother of James, did not go north as soon as James, but stayed on the job at Corrimal mine, performing various specified tasks. In order to get money to purchase land for a home he also took contract work clearing land for the Fern Hill subdivision. He eventually purchased a block land in Paynes Lane, Tarrawanna and began to build. He married Anna Tucker (Clara’s sister) 20th March 1907 and they moved into the new house, Over the years Charles gave a lot or thought to going onto the land, but it was not until 1921 that the final decision was made when a property at Deer Vale, next door to his brother, became available. To build a house on the property he built a saw pit and utilised timber from his property for this purpose; just as grandfather, Edward Harrigan, had done at Spring Farm. After months of hard work the house was completed. Then came the building of bails, the dairy and sheds so that dairying could begin. Life on this property for the first few years could only be described as pioneering; heavy timber had to be cleared, stumps and stones removed to make way for the grass and crops sown, and to contain cattle protect the crops sown from kangaroos, wallabies and rabbits, fences had to be erected. Even in those days, ‘life was not meant to be easy’. Six children, three boys and three girls, born to Charles and Anna between 1908 and 1924. In 1952 it was decided to move to town where another dairy farm was purchased and worked for several years before a house was purchased in Dorrigo and Charles retired. He and his family had been beneficial for the area in which they lived. Charles died on 26th December 1975 at the age of 93. Herbert Ernest Harrigan (known as Bert) early showed the qualities that characterised his very successful career. At 14 he applied for and got work at the Wollongong Cycle and Engineering Works whose 1903 letterhead stated they were Cycle, Gas, Steam, Motor and Electrical Engineers, Turners, Fitters, Gunsmiths etc., etc., and agents for Crossley’s gas and oil engines, with a Head Office in Sydney.The proprietor, Mr Fred Taylor, visited Wollongong to demonstrate and race on Massey Harris bicycles and seeing the potential of the area set up business. Bert’s father paid a Twenty-five Pound premium and Bert became apprenticed to the cycle and engineering trade. He received no wages for the first year, two and six pence a week in his second year and five shillings a week in his third year as an apprentice.Conditions in the indenture included: Taverns, Inns and Ale Houses he shall not haunt; at cards, dice, tables or any other unlawful game he shall not play; matrimony he shall not contemplate.” One wonders how he could have done these things on the wage provided. During his employment with Fred Taylor, Bert gained a wealth of engineering experience, including the building of a motor car, experience that was to serve him well in his future endeavours. To further improve his knowledge, after serving his apprenticeship, Bert obtained employment in other allied fields of engineering. He was for a time with the Balgownie Corrimal Colliery, in their machine shop, and later at a foundry owned by Mr Sam Davis. Early in 1907, Fred Taylor closed his Wollongong business and Bert seized the opportunity to start out on his own, in leased premises in Crown Street. He bought Eight Pounds worth of stock and on 4th July 1907 opened for business with a working capital of One Pound. Bert was a prominent racing cyclist of the day, and the first product of his new venture was the Illawarra Bicycle, built on the premises by Bert and his brother, Bill. His next undertaking was the manufacture of motor cycles (motor bikes) with engines and major components imported from the United Kingdom. Later, boat engines were designed and built, and it was here that his foundry experience paid dividends. He was able to produce patterns from which cylinder blocks and crank cases for his engines were cast. Most the patterns were made from red cedar from his father’s farm at Tarrawanna. In addition, gas oil engines were sold and serviced as were all types of farm machinery. To illustrate the magnitude and complexity of work undertaken, crankshaft for a Ford car was made for a customer at Ulladulla on the south coast. The crankshaft was machined on a treadle lathe with Bert and Bill working alternately to turn or work the treadle. The effort put into this seems to have suggested the next venture, as at a later date he developed a power plant to generate electricity the first in Wollongong which was used to illuminate his home and workshop. He later installed a similar plant in the local picture theatre. In 1911 he went to North Sydney to repair an early motion picture plant. For this he received Fifteen Pounds. He also operated the first oxyacetylene welding plant in Wollongong. In 1910 Bert was offered and accepted the Ford Car and Truck Agency for the south coast. He then purchased two blocks of land and in 1912 built a workshop, sales and office complex on his Crown Street property. Expanding business resulted in the building of another large workshop at 2 Crown Lane. Harrigan’s Garage by this time had become established as the first motor garage on the south coast. The first handoperated petrol pump was in use, and Shell petrol was sold at one shilling and a halfpenny per gallon. One of the problems with the first bowser was that the petrol could not be seen until it emerged from the hose. Bert altered the design to incorporate a glass bowl through which the flow of petrol could be seen. Details of this modification were sent to America by the Shell Company and the next model to appear had a modified version of Bert’s idea. There were only a dozen or so vehicles on the roads in the Wollongong area between 1906 and 1909, and in 1912 a bus service, Corrimal to Wollongong, operated. Some of Bert’s early customers and owners of early cars are of interest. Dr Scott of Brownsville bought an International Buggy about 1906. it had wheels like a sulky and was driven from the engine by canvas covered chains attached to extended hooks around the rear wheel spokes. The buggy was steered by a tiller like that of a boat, and finished up over Bald Hill in 1908. In 1907 Mr Dollahan had a very early Ford. Dr Lee had an 8 horsepower De Dion and Dr John Kerr a two cylinder Renault with two seats. Dr Park of Corrimal had a five seater and Mr Walker, a dentist, had a Clement Bayard. Mr Joe Parsons had a Commer Truck with automatic gear change. Mr Harry Woods had a three ton truck, while Mr S. Davis and Mr J. Parsons each had a 20 horsepower Metallurgic fitted with pneumatic tyres. Mr Billy Gilmore in 1907 had an 8 horsepower Enfield car with low petrol consumption. One day he settled an argument about this with a test run on a quart of petrol: the car managed 84 miles to the gallon. Petrol was one shilling and a halfpenny a gallon at the time. On 25th November 1914 Bert married Rebecca Caldwell of Balgownie. Prior to this he had bought land and a residence in Crown Lane which became their first home. An extract from a report of this wedding which appeared in the Illawarra Mercury of 1st January 1915 is detailed and characteristic of social reporting of the day: A very pretty wedding was celebrated at Mr F. Caldwell’s residence, Balgownie, on 25th November 1914 when Rebecca, eldest daughter of Mr and Mrs F. Caldwell of Balgownie was married to Herbert Ernest, third son of Mr and Mrs W. Harrigan of Tarrawanna. The Rev. D. McKay Barnett officiated. Mrs Barnett presided at the piano and played the Wedding March, while the bride entered the drawing room on the arm of her father, after which all guests joined in singing ‘The Voice That Breathed O’er Eden’. The bride, who was given away by her father wore an ivory satin Sylvia dress trimmed with silk shadow lace and seed pearls and court train with orange blossom, horse shoe and true lover’s knot and wreath and Brussell’s net embroidered veil. She also wore a gold pendant set with aquamarines and pearls and a bouquet of white Canterbury Bells, sweet peas and maidenhair ferns, gift of the bridegroom. Miss A. Bell and Miss Dorothy Caldwell were bridesmaids, the former wearing a white embroidered voile dress trimmed with shadow lace and pale pink satin belt, white hat with white silk ribbon and pink heather flowers, the latter wearing a pretty frock of white silk brocade trimmed with shadow lace and pink satin sash and pink floral hat. The bridegroom’s gift to the bridesmaids was a gold brooch and bouquet and a gold brooch and basket of flowers. Mr W. Harrigan junior acted as best man and Mr F. Caldwell junior as groomsman. A reception was subsequently held. The mother of the bride wore grey silk dress and black tagel hat and lancer feather, Mrs Harrigan, mother of the bridegroom, wearing black silk and black hat. The happy couple left by motor for an extended trip through the country, the bride travelling in a dress of ashes of roses silk brocade trimmed with silk guipure and pailette; she wore a white hat with lancer feather and silk roses. The happy couple were the recipients of many costly and useful presents. At the wedding breakfast the customary toasts were honoured. In November 1918 Bert purchased land at Regent Street and in 1922 the family moved into a spacious new home. There were two small boys now in the household, and Ron and Doug appreciated a home with enough playing space for them and their school friends. The business progressed and car sales became the main source of income. During the depression years of the late twenties and early thirties repair work dwindled but rather than put men off, Bert went out into the western districts and purchased Fordson tractors that had been superseded by more powerful machines. The machines were railed to Wollongong, reconditioned in the repair shop and were sold to coastal farmers who up until now had used horsedrawn ploughs. The repair shop was kept busy and the business survived. With the coming of war, as well as keeping transport and farm machinery moving, Bert committed the machine shop to defence work on a subcontract basis with Australian Iron and Steel at Port Kembla. During the war, replacement parts for cars and trucks were at times nonexistent or in very restricted supply and if a part was not available it had to be made Harrigan’s workshop could do it. After the war, car sales were again an important part of the business and the Rootes franchise, accepted in 1940, provided cars for sale in 1946. In July 1946 a partnership agreement under the name Harrigan and Sons was signed, as Bert’s sons had joined their father in the business he had established. In 1955 two companies were formed, H. E. Harrigan and Sons, and Harrigan Properties. Herbert Ernest Harrigan died on 10th April 1967, aged 81 years. Over 60 years of his life had been spent in the motor trade, 27 of which he sold and serviced Fords. At the time of his death H. E. Harrigan & Sons was one of the biggest motoring firms outside Sydney metropolitan area. From 1965 to 1972 Harrigan and Sons traded as HarriganFord. William Leslie (Bill) was the youngest son of William Harrigan and Elizabeth Ann Williamson and the younger brother of Herbert Ernest (Bert). Bill was associated with Bert in the Harrigan motor business from its inception. He was born at Spring Farm, Tarrawanna, and like Bert remained in the area all his life. His early education, like his father before him, and his brothers, was at Balgownie and Fairy Meadow schools. He was a noted poultry breeder, specialising in white and silver Wyandottes and game fowls. His birds won prizes all over Australia. He was a keen sportsman, being an A grade tennis player and an interstate representative in Soccer. He was an active worker for St Paul’s Church of England, Fernhill, and a great supporter of many other, district organisations. His first marriage on 9th May 1917 was Alice Genevieve Dixon. They had two sons and three daughters between 1918 and 1928. Alice died on 4th June 1928 and on 21st June 1 958 after 27 years a widower, Bill was married to Lily Milburn and became the stepfather of three children. Bill died suddenly, at home, on 20th August 1961, predeceasing Bert by six years. With the passing of Bert and Bill, an era in the annals of the motor industry on the south coast ended, an industry to which both men had their working lives. As their forefathers had pioneered the land, they had pioneered the motor industry and so they will be remembered. Louisa Emily Harrigan was born at Fairy Meadow on 22nd March 1860. She was the third child and second daughter of Edward and Jane. She married Frederick William Mayne on the 25th September 1884. Their first child, Irene Alice Mayne was born in 1886 and the next child was a son, Frederick William Mayne, born in 1889. Louisa did not long survive the birth of Frederick; she died leaving two young children three, Irene Alice, and an infant son, Frederick William junior. Irene Alice was brought up by foster parents and retained the surname Mayne. In 1907 she married William Henry Whittorn who had been born in 1879 in South Australia. Their second son, Raymond Harold Whittorn, born in 1908, married Annie Eliza Boocock in 1939 and later became a member of the Commonwealth Parliament, representing the blue ribbon Liberal seat of Balaclava in Victoria, 196074. Alice Clara was the last child of Edward and Jane, born in 1963. She attended Fairy Meadow School and in 1885, aged 22, she married Cunningham Caldwell of Balgownie, a first generation Australian born of Irish parentage. They lived for some years at Fairy Meadow, moving eventually to their own home ‘Hilcot’ at Corrimal, built on land bequeathed to Alice by her father. They had eleven children between 1885 and 1905. Over the years Cunningham worked as a farmer, butcher, drover and miner to support his large family. In 1917 their daughter, Ruth, died after a short illness leaving five children under the age of seven. Alice and Cunningham reared two of these children. Also in 1917, their son, Bruce, was killed in action in France. The Caldwell boys all worked in the mines. Alice’s family all married and reared families of their own (except Bruce). Alice and Cunningham were supporters of the Presbyterian Church at Corrimal. Cunningham died in October 1941 and a few months later, their son, Stanley died of injuries received in a mining accident. Alice died on 17th January 1956, aged 93 years, at the home of her daughter, Dolly. She is fondly remembered by her many grandchildren as a very loving person. POSTSCRIPT Re Alice Caldwell, by her granddaughter, Joan Reid: What a host of memories has been revived with the typing of this history. To say that Alice Harrigan Caldwell is remembered as a very loving person seems hardly tribute enough to this very remarkable woman and I don’t doubt that there is more about her elsewhere in the story. I spent some part of every year with my granny, as did my four brothers and I recall her as a ‘mother superior’, the matriarch with the iron hands in a velvet glove. A woman of great intelligence, well read, and a woman of vision, integrity and perspicacity and generosity. Having borne eleven children of her own, she took into her home two of the children of her sister, Ruth, who died leaving such a young family. She looked after me for some time when I was only six months old because my eldest brother had contracted Scarlet Fever. As I grew to my teens, Granny and I used to sit out on the verandah of Hilcot, gazing over the peaceful evening view to Wollongong as day ended; she in her rocking chair and I on the top step. I learned lessons of self-reliance, self-determination and responsibility from her during those times which were to stand me in good stead throughout my later ordeals; lessons which I remember today, nearly 50 years later. It is my loss that circumstances caused my removal to Queensland when I married in 1946 and my only contact with Granny was through the mail. Even so, her intuitive ability was expressed when occasionally, and always when I was at my lowest, down to the last ten shillings, a book would arrive with the instruction to ‘read it now’. Scattered throughout the book for my eyes only would be several One Pound Notes. God Bless my granny for ever! Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade Descendants through her son, Edward Harrigan Subject The topic of the resource Harrigan Family Description An account of the resource The story of the descendants of Mary Wade through her son Edward Harrigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Mary Wade History Association (Editorial Committee) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Many descendants, particularly V. Caldwell; R. Harrigan; J. Shepherd; S. Webb; H. Williams. Language A language of the resource en-au Harrigan Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade's Children Description An account of the resource Stories of the first generations following Mary Wade. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. With only limited space available for this story I shall concentrate on John, his children and grandchildren. John Brooker, son of Mary Wade and Jonathan Brooker, was born at Windsor 24th June, 1809, and was taken as a child of four or five to live at Airds (Campbelltown). The 1814 Muster shows him as one of four children with Jonathan and Mary in the Liverpool District (which included Airds), all off stores. Jonathan’s grant had been surveyed in 1809. I know little of the childhood of John, but he certainly shared the hardships of the early settlers. The family were still at Airds in 1825. The 1828 Census shows them as residents of Illawarra, where Jonathan is listed as a carpenter, 68 years of age, with 50 acres cleared and 12 cultivated. To have achieved this he must have arrived earlier than 1828.  John was living with the family, aged I9 years, although the Census says 22 years. John held a Crown Grant, Portion 86, in the Corrimal District, but I can find no record when that land returned to the Crown. However, the same portion 86 was “originally granted” to Patrick Plunkett by Crown Grant 295I838 (Ac. Registrar General, see Volume I577, Folio I52), and the papers say granted earlier to John Brooker. There are many gaps in our knowledge of John’s life between 1828 and 1848 when he married Janet MacKenzie at Berkeley near Wollongong. Janet had arrived from Scotland to join her brother, Dr. Kenneth MacKenzie, an early settler on the Shoalhaven. John and Janet lived at Charcoal Creek (called Unanderra since 7.4.1881), where their four children were born. In the new colony centred on Sydney, all land belonged to the Crown.  At first Crown Grants were made to some people. This system prevailed from 1788 till about 1831, after which land could be purchased at varying prices. In 1842 the Crown Lands Sale Act was passed, stipulating that all land must be sold at auction for not less than £1 an acre, and Squatter’s Licences were issued for large tracts of land at £10 a time, to squatters who had previously paid nothing. John Robertson, a large landowner and business man, was Minister in charge of land at this time, and he advocated a change in land system to encourage a more productive use of the land anywhere. In 1861 two Acts, passed aimed at this reform, and from 1.1.1862 any person could Conditionally Purchase 40 to 320 acres of unreserved Crown Land at £1 an acre. One quarter of the purchase price was required at the time of purchase, and the rest within three years or 5% interest would be charged on the balance. Two more conditions were laid down. The purchaser must occupy the land, and no freehold would be granted until the land was improved to the extent of £1 an acre. The Kangaloon area was opened up by this method of Conditional Purchase, and any man could make a free selection of Crown Land before survey. John’s brother James Brooker of Wollongong purchased 23 acres at Charcoal Creek in 1852 and the adjoining 23 acres was held by Jonathan Brooker of Charcoal Creek from 1.6.1854. It was from Charcoal Creek that John went to Kangaloon, where he finally settled. Whether John and Jonathan of Charcoal Creek is the same person matters not. We do know however, that the first three portions surveyed on 1.4.1862 in the Yarrawa Brush, on the northern side of the Wingecarribee Swamp went to John Brooker, his brotherinlaw Dr. Kenneth MacKenzie and William Newcombe, at a place now called Kangaloon. The Yarrawa Brush was very dense rain forest covering a large tract of higher country, just west of the range, and to the north and south of Wingecarribee Swamp. This Brush for many years effectively separated the coastal region of Illawarra from the land opening up a few miles further west which was served by the Old South road to Sydney. John and his family walked up over the mountain, via the Bong Bong track as far as Mount Murray, and then across to Kangaloon. They carried what they could. They were not going to better conditions at once, these came much later. The walk took three days. Although the Yarrawa Brush was almost impenetrable rain forest, the red basalt soil with springs, running creeks and rivulets made it an attractive proposition to land hungry men from the Illawarra. By 1865 30,000 acres were taken up. Men with money considered the cost of clearing the land, at an estimated cost of £25 an acre, far outweighed its potential value, and so it went to settlers prepared to do the work themselves. John’s original Portion 29 was bounded by the Folly Creek to the North, and stretched southwards to just beyond the present Kangaloon Road. The first shelter for the family was erected beside a spring not far from the creek, and a little to the west of the present lane. The first small area round the house became a vegetable garden, as it was necessary to produce as much food as possible, as soon as possible. Later a better house was built a little further west of the first shelter, and peaches and gooseberries flourished in that garden till the1930’s, when the house was demolished. Clearing the land was a formidable task. Axes and hoes were the available tools, and the brush contained hardwood trees (messmates, bloodwoods and turpentine) and softwoods (sassafras, leather jacket, sally wattles and a little red cedar). These trees were intertwined with various vines, bushes and lower growing trees. Early surveyors describing this brush called it impenetrable. When John’s land at Kangaloon was surveyed his boys were roughly 11, 9 and 7 years of age and, although he was over 50 himself, most of early clearing fell to him. The smaller trees and vines were cut down, dried and later burnt. The ashes were hoed into the soil and maize and potatoes thrived in small areas. The women and children helped where they could.   There were no roads, so any surplus produce could only reach the coast if taken on a man’s back, or later by packhorse, where it could be exchanged for flour, etc. The first years at Kangaloon were hard years for the settlers, and droughts did not help. The years 1867-869 almost killed the settlement.  Some settlers went under, but some, including the Brookers of Forest lodge, survived. It was only in the eighteen seventies, with the coming steam saw mills, that real progress was evident. The big trees, after felling, could be hauled by bullocks to the mill. The less valuable timber was kept by the settlers to improve their dwellings, and the better timber was sold, much of it on the Sydney market. This was the first reliable cash crop for Kangaloon, while the timber lasted. Lack of roads to get produce out to a market persisted through the early years. A road connecting Kangaloon with the Old South Road surveyed in 1865 and extended to Robertson in 1867. In 1869 Macquarie Pass Track was improved, but the Pass Road as we it was not opened till 1898. Slowly the land was being cleared and pasture established. Cattle and horses followed. To keep stock, fences were needed. In Kangaloon some were cockatoo fences, made of logs, and some were stone walls. At first the womenfolk were responsible for the dairy work. They assisted with milking, heated the milk and set it out in large shallow trays till the cream rose. The cream was collected and made into butter in old fashioned wooden hand churns. At this time the dairy was an important adjunct to the house. The old Forest Lodge stone dairy still stands, carrying the date 1888, but the adjacent house is gone. The homemade butter was well salted and packed in wooden kegs for packhorse transport to the coast. If only one keg of butter was being carried, a second keg of stones balanced the load. In many cases among the stones in the second keg would be “mountain dew”, and this home made whisky found a ready market and provided a source of cash. The dairy industry in Kangaloon, from its humble beginnings has flourished, and today milk is supplied to the Sydney market. The products of dairying are perishable, and only with improved roads, faster transport and refrigeration did Kangaloon realise its potential. The hand churning of butter in individual homes was replaced by cooperative dairy factories in the nineties, employing butter makers. At first all milk was taken to the factory, for separation of the cream, but later separators were installed on individual farms. Refrigeration of milk, cream and butter increased the life of the products, enabling transport to larger depots. The small dairy factories closed. At first transport was horse drawn and slow. In 1913 the Board of the Kangaloon Cooperative Transport Society purchased their first motor lorry and faster transport to Bowral depot ensued. This method of transport lasted till 1963, when a new system was introduced. Bulk milk pickup from individual farms by refrigerated tanker began, and is still operating. Photos of different parts of Kangaloon, taken at the turn of the century, show that the early settlers had cleared most of the “impenetrable brush”, and so in less than forty years a very beautiful, and very productive area had emerged. Some of the original Grants by conditional purchase are still held by descendants of the original purchasers, such as Brookers. Additional adjacent farms have been added to the Brooker property by purchase. As well as clearing the land and bringing it into production, the early settlers concerned themselves with religion and education in their community. The first churches were built, and schools were opened at both East and West Kangaloon in the 1860’s. That these things happened during the first decade when settlers were struggling to survive, speaks highly and loudly of their quality, and here I would like to pay special tribute to the women who faced hardship beside their men, bore their children, lived to great ages and achieved a serenity we seldom meet today. The women to whom I particularly refer are John’s wife, Janet, and her three daughtersinlaw, Henrietta, Margaret and Eliza. Quite early we find the settlers of Robertson, Burrawang, Wildes Meadow and Kangaloon forming a Progress Association which later grew into the Robertson Agriculture and Horticultural Society, representing the farmers of the area. This Society celebrated its Centenary in 1978. The name Brooker is liberally sprinkled through its records, both as committeemen and exhibitors. The Centenary President, F. C. Morrow, and the VicePresident and chief cattle steward, Eric Brooker, are both great grandsons of John Brooker, who took up Forest Lodge in 1862. F.C. Morrow is a grandson of Murdo of Yarrawa, and Eric Brooker is a grandson of William of Forest Lodge. Before John’s death in 1886 he had secured land for each of his sons. Jonathan got portion 175, known as Thistle Brae Farm, Box Vale. John applied for this portion 20.9.1869 and the survey was completed 21.5.1870. William got portion 47 across the creek from Forest Lodge. This was purchased at a land auction at Berrima in 1864 by Peter Schuhmann, and later sold to John Brooker. Similarly, portions 45 and 36 of Albert and Alfred S. Sawtell respectively were added to the Brooker property by purchase. When the Youman family left East Kangaloon in the early eighties their farm was purchased and went to Murdo. In December 1880 Jonathan married Henrietta Brenning, at St. Mark’s C. of E., West Kangaloon. The bride, daughter of an early settler, had walked with her family from Dapto to Kangaloon, at the age of four, carrying her pet bantam. Jonathan and Henrietta went to live at Box Vale and raised a large family of eight boys and six girls. Tragedy struck early. The first child was burnt to death aged 31/2 years. Jonathan became well known as a breeder and judge of cattle. On his own property he favoured Ayrshires, and was a successful exhibitor of these. He was a healthy, hard working man, and his death from blood poisoning at 56 years shocked the district. At this time only his eldest daughter, May, had married and left home and this left his widow, Henrietta, with the formidable task of running the property and supporting twelve children. Her eldest son, Leslie, was 20 years old, and the youngest child was 6. The very severe drought at the turn of the century had forced many early settlers with growing families to move elsewhere. Many had gone to the Richmond River. The eldest son Leslie remained at Box Vale. The eldest daughter, May, had married a Kangaloon Lindsay, already at Mullumbimby. Later May’s brother George Robert (Bob) visited her, and his report on the area encouraged some of the Box Vale Brookers to go there. Half the cattle at Thistle Brae were given to Robert, Stanley, Stafford and Charles to start them in the new area. They drove the cattle from Box Vale to a rented farm at Myocum, Mullambimby. Two of their sisters, Annie and Millie, went to housekeep for their brothers. The girls travelled by boat to Byron Bay. Annie later married Arthur Tindall and lived to see her family establish a wellknown Hereford Stud at Cawongla, near Kyogle. She died shortly before her I00th birthday. Robert, Stafford, Stanley and Charles enlisted in World War I. Charles was rejected on account of eyesight. He returned to Box Vale for the duration, but later went back to the rivers, married, established his own farm, and raised a family of two boys and two girls. Both boys met tragic ends by accidents. One drowned and the other was electrocuted on their own property. After the war Stafford and Stanley established themselves on the Richmond River at Wyralla. Robert went to the Dorrigo and established himself, like his father, as a cattle breeder. Of the girls, May and Annie remained on the Richmond River. Jean and Ella married teachers and lived in Sydney. In I9I6 Leslie took over the farm, and his mother went to Sydney to live with her unmarried daughters. Later Millie and Linda married and remained living in Sydney. Mrs Brooker lived to a great age, the later part of which was spent in the home of her daughter, Ella Middleton. She died, aged 95, in I953 and is buried at East Kangaloon. William was the second son of John and Janet. Janet was a Highland Scot, and followed Scottish tradition whenever possible, as in the naming of her children. The first girl was named Mary, after her father’s mother. There was no second girl to be called Anne for her mother’s mother. The eldest son was called Jonathan, for his father’s father. The second son should have been Murdo, for his mother’s father, but he was a very frail baby, not expected to live. He was called William, rather than waste the name Murdo, which eventually went to the third son incidentally, William survived for 83 years. William married Margaret Youman, 22.4.1882, eldest daughter of Joseph Youman, an early settler in East Kangaloon. The marriage was in the Presbyterian Church, Dapto, where Margaret’s parents had married a generation earlier. William and Margaret began married life on portion 47, across the Folly Creek from Forest Lodge. After the death of John in 1886, William took over Forest Lodge as well. Whether the big old house was built before John died I am not sure, but the stone dairy adjoining the house and orchard still stands, and carries the date 1888. The old house survived into the 30s, and deserves some comment. It was not near the creek, but on the top of a hill, and was the third house, I think, and overlooked the Kangaloon Road. This position was only possible because tanks had arrived in the district, and the collection of roof runoff water ensured water supply. The house was of timber, and built to the usual plan at that time. The big kitchen and a very large dining room formed one section, separated by a covered breezeway from the front area of bedrooms and a little used sitting room. The outer walls of the kitchen area were of vertical slabs, while the outer walls of the front area were of sawn timber. Verandahs ran on two sides of the kitchen, and across the front of the house. A picket fence secured the house garden from the inroads of stock. Ivy, violets, lavender, roses and bulbs flourished in this garden.  A box tree grew on either side of the front gate, and though the house is gone, the box trees are still alive in the paddock. An adjoining orchard contained apples, pears, plums, gooseberries, etc. The dairy was a separate building, at the back of the kitchen; milk was dealt with and butter made. The kitchen was the hub of the house. Almost the whole of one end wall was taken up by the fireplace, furnished with firedogs and cross bars, while an upright iron bar supported a swinging horizontal arm to which hooks were attached to carry camp ovens and pots, etc. Wood for the fire was cut in varying lengths and thickness. The fire itself was raised about eight inches above floor level. A huge hearthstone was in front of the fireplace. With these primitive aids, and no refrigeration or electricity, women coped successfully, producing good meals with minimum fuss. Sides of bacon usually hung from the roof, and in wet weather men’s heavy outdoor clothing would be hung up before the fire to dry. The writer of this section was born in this old house. Five children were born to William and Margaret between 1883 and 1888, the last two, Joseph James and Mary Helen were twins. Mary Helen was burnt to death when three years and eight months old. The four children, Elsie, George, Janet (Sis) and Joseph James (Jim) went at different times to both East and West Kangaloon schools in the 1890’s. They lived halfway between the two schools. By the turn of the century Kangaloon was beginning to prosper, and the days of real hardship were over. In 1905 Elsie married Stanley Morrow, a teacher, and left Kangaloon. Janet married Joseph Noble in 1907. They farmed for some years at Springside, Kangaloon, but later moved to the Hunter at Raymond Terrace. Both Elsie and Janet (Sis) were married in the house at Forest Lodge. George and Jim remained at Forest Lodge while young men. George married Vera Fuller in 1912 and farmed at East Kangaloon for some years. William Brooker retired from active farming in 1917 and went to live in “Brooklyn”, another cottage on the property. George and family moved into Forest Lodge, and George and Jim ran the property as a single unit. Jim remained at Forest Lodge till his marriage to Clarice Marr, at Bulli in 1925, after which he lived in Robertson, where he established a carrying business. William Brooker died in 1935, leaving his farms to his sons George and Jim. George ran the property as a single unit, with the help of his sons Eric and. Keith until his sudden death in 1955. Eric and Keith continued the single unit pattern till Jim’s death in 1968, after which time it was separated to two units, one going to George’s sons, and the other to Jim’s daughter, Heather Paterson. Neither Eric nor Keith had sons, so with this generation the name Brooker is lost to Forest Lodge. After William’s death his widow Margaret, remained at “Brooklyn” for some time. Her later years were spent with her daughters Elsie and Janet. She died in 1946 at the home of Elsie Morrow in Haberfield, and is buried at East Kangaloon. Murdo was the last son of John and Janet. He married Eliza Diggins, daughter of an early settler, and went to live on portion 58 of 100 acres at East Kangaloon, purchased from the Youman family when they moved to the New England district in the early eighties. They had eight children, including two sets of twins, between 1885 and 1894. Two children were lost while in Kangaloon. Frederick Donald, twin brother of Herbert, died when nine weeks old, and John James was killed by lightning in 1905, aged fifteen years. Soon after this, and shortly before the marriage of the eldest child, Sarah, the family moved to Yarrawa, near Robertson, to a property purchased from Millers, original settlers on the southern side of Wingecarribee Swamp.  The East Kangaloon property was not sold. Sarah married Francis Westley Morrow and remained in the district, farming first on Portion 58, and later on the Diggins property now occupied by their son, Francis Cecil Morrow. The other daughter, Janet, married an American, Arthur Stine. They remained in NSW for some time, but eventually went to America where their descendants now reside. Both Sarah and Janet were married in the house at Yarrawa. Murdo and his sons established a reputation as vegetable growers as well as being cattle men. Murdo died suddenly in 1913. His widow remained at Yarrawa till her death in 1940. Herbert did not marry, and remained at Yarrawa after the death of his mother. He died in 1963. Murdo’s son, Archie, married Doris Saunders and farmed in the district, then at Picton, later Exeter and finally on the Reservoir Farm at Dapto. He died in 1946. Archie’s twin brother, Albert (Bertie), bought Portion 58 in 1919 and farmed there for many years. His first wife was Merlina Marshall. They had three daughters; the first two being twins, and at a later date one of these twins presented her father, (himself a twin) with twin granddaughters. His second wife was Alice Barton (nee Chadwick), and they had one daughter. Murdo’s youngest son, Waiter, married Elsie Bisby and farmed in the Robertson area for some years. When one of his sons had learnt the trade of soft drink manufacture, Walter and family moved to Yass and established a soft drink factory, which is run today by two of his sons. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade Descendants through her son, John Brooker Subject The topic of the resource John Brooker Description An account of the resource The story of Mary Wade's descendants through her son, John Brooker. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marjorie Morrow Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Language A language of the resource en-au Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade's Children Description An account of the resource Stories of the first generations following Mary Wade. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. Elizabeth Brooker, Mary Wade’s sixth child and second daughter, was born in the Hawkesbury district on 7th December, 1810. At a young age Elizabeth accompanied her family’s move to Airds where she was christened on 19th April, 1819. The attending minister was Reverend Youl who duly recorded the christening at St. Luke’s Anglican Church, Liverpool. A month before she turned sixteen, Elizabeth married Daniel Lowe, an assignee convict to Nathaniel Boon, who later married Elizabeth’s elder sister, Sarah. Daniel’s conviction in England had been for highway robbery: an assault of William Izod and the theft from him of a watch valued at forty shillings. For this he was sentenced to hang but when the sentence was commuted to penal servitude for life he joined those transported to New South Wales on the Grenada, arriving at Sydney on 16th September, 1821. The ship’s indent described him as follows: “Native place, London Wall, Warehouseman, age 17, height 5’ 5 1/4 inches; fair blond complexion, fair hair, hazel eyes.” Elizabeth and Daniel’s marriage was conducted on 27th November, 1826 by Reverend Thomas Reddall at St. Peter’s Church, Campbelltown. Banns were read and the Governor’s consent obtained. Daniel signed his own name on the marriage certificate whereas Elizabeth used an ‘X’, as did the witnesses Evan and Sarah Evans. The Evans’ worked for Dr Redfern at Airds, the husband as a fencer and his wife as housekeeper for Mrs. Redfern. Elizabeth and Daniel may have had a son, Daniel, but we have no definite record of this. Their daughter, Sophia, born 14th April, 1828, was baptised at St. James’ Church, Sydney on 22nd July 1832. The baptismal certificate states that Daniel was a sawyer at Wollongong in that year. Beyond this date information about Elizabeth and Daniel is sketchy. It is likely, however, that they followed some of Elizabeth’s relatives to the Murrumbidgee and possibly Henry Angel on his large station, ‘Yangunjular’. It was here that Sophia met and married Daniel Griffin (born 1814), a native of Cork, Ireland. The Mutch Index records: Sophia Lowe of Yangungalee was married to Daniel Griffin of Police Point, Murumbidgee, by the Rev. Charles Lovat, a Roman Catholic Priest, then officiating in the district of Yass, on 1st December, 1845. Both Sophia and Daniel were recorded on the marriage certificate as Roman Catholics, even though Sophia was baptised Church of England. Daniel marked his signature X. The witnesses were Thomas Walsh of Yass and. Mary Angel of ‘Yangungalee’. At some time after Sophia’s marriage, her parents Elizabeth and Daniel probably moved to Melbourne. A Will prepared by Daniel on 27th April, 1865 indicated that he was then residing in Melbourne. He had apparently prospered, since his will made ample provision for Sophia and benefitted her children when they reached, twenty-one years. Sophia and Daniel Griffin had thirteen children. The first child, Emily, may have been born on the Murrumbidgee property, before Daniel moved his family in about 1848 to Charcoal Creek, Wollongong, where he became, a butcher and had considerable land dealings. It appears that he retained cattle on land by the Murrumbidgee, perhaps at Henry Angel’s station, while he worked as a butcher at Wollongong. The other twelve children were born at Wollongong. Her large family kept Sophia very busy; all the more so when Emily was widowed and rejoined the household with her own five children. A vivid insight into how this household functioned has been provided for us by Sophia’s greatgrandchild, Patricia Trevor. She recalls that her grandmother, Sophia’s daughter Clara, spoke of the women family as being good housekeepers and cooks - the latter being substantiated by the quality of recipes in a cook book handed down through the family. Clara related that her mother had the family organized so that ‘two of the girls were cooks for the day, and as the fuel stove stoked it was a busy day for the ones whose turn it was!’ Clara also recalled that she and her sisters used to get quite hysterical lifting the clothes basket containing so many towels - sixty or more and sheets and tea towels a mammoth task. They were put through a large mangle which was over 6’ in length - not ironed. Fireplaces, steps were whitened every day and as stainless steel knives very well known those had to be polished too. All dresses for the family were bought at Farmers Dept. Store, white for best… it took an hour to iron a sleeve. ‘Sophia had wonderful pot plants on the verandah. She had a green thumb with the garden. This gift was passed on to the next generations for my granny (Clara) made a lovely garden and my mother (Olive Dence) enjoyed it and her sister too and I do. The daughter that brought her family back to Sophia taught music, the piano, to help things along, I think there were a couple of pianos, and after dinner a rush to play and also to obtain the settees so that one could really be comfortable and have a doze. One of the greatest thrills and enjoyment was to picnic at Mt. Keira with hampers of marvellous food sucking pig and other specialties. The mountain was beautiful bird’s nest ferns and lush greenery. When bathing on the beach, males and females were separated. Sophia was artistic and made most beautiful things from shells, houses and villages, but noone knows what happened to them.’ Sophia’s husband, Daniel, had a very warm nature. He had cattle but not anywhere near home. He was a Catholic and they both went their own way until something happened and right near his death he was offended and changed. Some of the family were christened in the Catholic Church and a few of them followed this faith. When Sophia died, her will was a most complicated one and couldn’t be wound up until the last child died. Over the years, sums of money used to arrive out of the blue to the following generations. Sophia died at the age of sixty five on 29th March, 1893 at Wollongong. The cause of death was heart disease. She was buried at the Church of England Cemetery, Wollongong. Her husband, Daniel, and eleven children survived her two female children having died at an early age. In accordance with her will, dated 6th May, 1886, Daniel was provided with an income for life. Her three sons, Daniel, Frederick and George each received £1,000 and the residue was divided among all her children in equal shares, with further provision for her grandchildren. There was also a parcel of land called ‘Corrimal’ given to her daughter, Selina, if she remained unmarried for life. Another block of land, left to Sophia by Thomas Lewis, was held in trust for her daughter, Ada Sophia, for life if she had no issue. When probate was granted in 1893 the sworn value of the estate was less than £5,000. The Will proved awkward for its executors, Frederick Lowe Griffin and George Herbert Griffin, to administer and was finally wound up in 1955 following the appointment of a Public Trustee. Sophia’s husband, Daniel, died of senile decay on 2nd January, 1904, aged ninety years. He was survived by his eleven children. Available information about Sophia and Daniel’s family is limited. As indicated above, their first child, Emily, was probably born at ‘Yangunjular’ by the Murrumbidgee. Born 17th August, 1846, she was baptised on the 24th January, 1849 by Reverend Peter Young, Parish of Wollongong, who recorded her father, Daniel, as being a settler residing by the Murrumbidgee. We next hear of Emily when she marries Charles Morris at Wollongong on 15th November, 1865. The couple raised at least five children after their firstborn, a son named Charles, died in infancy in 1867. The other known children are George Herbert (born 1868), Emily Lowe (born 1870), Lila Shepherdess (born 1874), Mildred Sophia (born 1876) and a son, R.E. Morris (birth date unknown). The father, Charles, died a few years before his wife Emily died on 25th January, 1908. She was killed in a railway accident at Stanwell Park, the only fatality of several people who were injured. A report in the Illawarra Mercury (28th January, 1908) noted that Emily was ‘of a gentle retiring disposition, and also very much beloved by all who knew her’. Sophia’s next child, Daniel Edmund (or Amos) was born at Fairy Meadow, Wollongong, on 17th September, 1848. He was baptised on 24th January, 1849 by Reverend Young, Parish of Wollongong. The infant’s sponsors were Patrick and Catherine Daly. Daniel became a butcher with his father at Wollongong. At twenty-two years he married Joan Jackson, at St. Phillip’s Church of England, Church Hill, Sydney, on 28th July, 1870. Joan was London born, the daughter of Robert Jackson, a farmer, and Frances Ann Wood. The couple’s first child, Frank Carlton Griffin was born at Crown Street, Wollongong on 26th July, 1871, Dr Lyons and Mrs. Weller assisting at the birth. Frank became a railway employee at Wollongong, married Florence Ann Penney on 22nd April, 1897 and raised two sons, Victor Carlton (born 1898) and Elton Reginald (born 1906). Victor served with the A.I.F. at Gallipoli, Egypt, France and Flanders, and had a distinguished career in the British Indian Army. He was a Captain of the Mahratta Light Infantry, serving in Sind Province, India, in 1925 when he met and married Myra Julie Rieu, only daughter of Sir Louis Rieu, Commissioner of Sind. Victor saw further action during World War 11 and rose to be Brigadier General. He died at Sydney in 1973, survived by his wife, Myra, three children, Denis, Brian and June, and eight grandchildren. Victor’s younger brother, Elton, had an equally distinguished career in business, being the founding manager of Boral Oil. Sophia’s third child, Adeline Jane, was born in September 1850, at Charcoal Creek, Wollongong. She was baptised on 24th November, 1852 by Father T. Murray. Adeline married Charles Septimus Guest, a saddler in the Richmond District, on 24th February, 1876, and had two children. The first born, Frank, married Dora Walker, apparently without issue. At the age of thirty seven, Frank was run down and killed by a tram whilst attempting to cross Pitt Street in Sydney. The second born was a daughter, Elfie, who married Norman Cox of the pioneering Cox family, on 20th June, 1875. It is interesting to note that all five of Elfie and Norman’s children were given the middle name Richmond, apparently after the district in which they were raised. Sophia’s fourth child, Matilda (born 1853), married Harry Richardson on 14th September. 1871. The couple raised two daughters, Ethel May and Maud, neither of whom married. Harry rose to be a Commissioner of Railways. The fifth child, Anglina May (born 1855) married Fred Richardson, who also worked with the Railways. This couple’s third child, Russel Burton Richardson (born 1890), became a well known Stock and Station agent in Dubbo. Russel enlisted during World War 1, was badly wounded in Europe and became a P.O.W. in Germany. The Dubbo Liberal reported that Russel was one of the town’s best respected citizens when he died there in 1960. Sophia’s ninth child, Alice Amelia (born 1863) married William Archibald Mc Donald on 12th August, 1885. William was one of the earliest estate agents in the Neutral Bay area, where he remained in business for many years though he lived at Waverton. The couple raised three children, Roy Grantley (born 1886), Dora (born 1889) and Raymond (born 1890). With these few profiles of some direct descendants of the convict lass, Mary Wade, our family history comes to an end. It has, of course, been quite beyond our resources, and indeed our intention, to tell the stories of each one of Mary’s descendants. With the limited time and space available to us, we have tried to record mainly that part of Mary’s story most in danger of becoming obscure, if not lost to memory. In this chapter, therefore, as in the others, we have tried as accurately as our means permit to give the reader a general flavour of Mary’s family history. In doing so, many omissions of people and events inevitably occur. We nevertheless hope that in telling what we have of Mary’s history, a very human and very Australian story has been depicted. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade Descendants through her daughter, Elizabeth Subject The topic of the resource Elizabeth Brooker Description An account of the resource The story of the descendants of Mary Wade through her daughter Elizabeth Brooker. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Mary Wade History Association (Editorial Committee) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Norma Campbell; Brian Griffin; Patricia Trevor Language A language of the resource en-au Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade's Children Description An account of the resource Stories of the first generations following Mary Wade. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. Mary Brooker was the third child born to Mary Wade and Jonathan Brooker in New South Wales. She was born on 28th November, 1812, in the Hawkesbury District where her father, freed by servitude on Norfolk Island, was supporting his family possibly as a carpenter. While Mary was a very small child the family moved to their new home at Airds (Campbelltown). When 11 years old, Mary shared with her family the tragic experience of being rendered destitute by a severe bushfire. By 1828 we find the family established on the Illawarra, near Corrimal. Jonathan’s household consisted of his wife Mary, their children John, Mary and James, and Edward Harrigan, referred to as Edward Brooker.   Shortly after her 16th birthday, Mary Brooker married John Hart on 14th February 1829. Father Therry, a Roman Catholic priest, performed the ceremony and the marriage was registered at Liverpool. John Hart, who had arrived a free man on the Earl St Vincent, was about 29 years of age. This marriage was short lived and without issue as John Hart soon died.   Mary’s second marriage, to Christopher Ledwidge, was also conducted by Father Therry on 1 7th November, 1833. Ledwidge had arrived on the transport Isobella in 1822 to serve a term of 7 years transportation, Christopher was listed as a Catholic labourer, assigned to Charles Tunstall, a bricklayer of Lower Minto. In 1824 he was sent to Port Macquarie as a punishment for attempting to rob a cart. He returned to Lower Minto in 1827, gained his freedom the next year, and settled at Fairy Meadow in the Illawarra District. It was here that he met the young widow Mary Hart, daughter of Jonathan Brooker and Mary Wade. She bore him a son, John, in 1832, and they married on 17th November, 1833. The following year, on the very day of Christopher’s death, a second son was born and named Christopher. This meant that within four years, and still only 21, Mary was twice widowed and the mother of two boys. These circumstances probably explain why, less than a year later, Mary married for a third time. The groom was Henry Angel, a farmer of Fairy Meadow. The marriage was by Banns with the consent of the Governor. and took place on 3rd January, 1834, in the Church of England School House in Wollongong.   Henry Angel was a very colourful character. He was as born in Salisbury. England, in 1791, and had worked on the land from an early age, becoming proficient in the skills of farming. At the age of 26 a brush with the law earned him a conviction and he was sentenced to transportation for life. Exact circumstances of his crime remain a mystery but according to family Folk-lore Henry may have been the innocent victim of a miscarriage of justice. This version that at the age of 17 he purchased a pair of bloodstained boots from a stranger for one shilling and was subsequently charged with the murder of the owner of the boots. Since could not produce evidence to the contrary, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to be hanged, the sentence being commuted to transportation for life. The second explanation for Henry’s transportation rests on more reliable documented evidence. An extract from a sworn statement in the Public Records Office, London states that Henry Angel and an accomplice were tried on 18th March 1817 for highway robbery. Henry was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment. He arrived in New South aboard the transport Neptune on 9th May 1818 to serve his sentence.   Henry was described as having a ruddy complexion, 5′ 2 ½” tall, brown hair and hazel eyes. Sometime after his arrival Henry was assigned to William Cox, a considerable land holder, best remembered for his role in the construction of the first road over Blue Mountains in 1815. It appears that Cox recommended Henry Angel to Hamilton Hume was preparing for his expedition with Hovell, to Port Phillip. Subsequently Angel was assigned to Hume for the expedition and a close bond of friendship developed between these two men. As the overland journey continued, Angel proved of great value in difficult situations. On reaching the Murray, Angel became the first white man to swim across the river. He did do to get a line across in order to facilitate the crossing over of equipment and stores.   On returning to Sydney at the completion of the journey, Hume received a land grant at Shoalhaven. Henry Angel’s part was recognised by the granting of a ticketofleave on Hume’s recommendation. This was granted on 5th July 1825 for the district of Appin by special order of the Governor and was later altered to cover the District of Illawarra. Hume also recognised Angel’s contribution by making him a gift of two good quality bullocks and a watch. This watch was in the possession of one of daughters until fairly recently. Its immediate location is not at present known. Angel lived in the Corrimal area, but on the 14th January 1828, his ticketofleave was revoked on a charge of harbouring a notorious cattle stealer in his house, and with having some connection with the gang. He was returned to Government Service and in the 1828 Census taken in November, he is listed as Protestant, aged 36 years and living in convict barracks, Liverpool.   At about this time, Sturt invited Hume to accompany him on his first expedition to trace headwaters of the Macquarie River. Together, Sturt and Hume selected a small party soldiers and convicts to assist them on the journey, among whom Henry Angel was included. This expedition reached the Darling River before returning to Sydney.   On 22nd February 1832, Henry Angel’s ticketofleave was restored in recognition of his assistance in the capture of a bushranger named Patrick Burke, notorious for his activities on the lonely road between Appin and Illawarra. Thereafter he was registered at the P.O. Wollongong as a resident of Fairy Meadow and 1834 he married Mary Ledwidge (nee Brooker). It is interesting to note that Henry did not get his conditional pardon until 1st October 1841 so he was still a ticketofleave convict at the time of his marriage.   After this marriage, Henry and Mary lived in a pitsawn timber shed on the Angel farm, together .With Mary’s two young sons, John and Christopher Ledwidge. The two small boys were soon joined by some Angel children. There were Henry (1836), William (1838) and twins, Keturah and Robert (1841). The Ledwidge boys and Robert Angel in due time attended the local school, a simple slab and bark building about one mile south of Angel’s Bridge which spanned Towradgi Creek running through the Angel farm. From time to time the boys would arrive at the school with the two bullocks Hume had given to Angel, in order to carry firewood for the teacher. The bullocks carried the double H (HH) brand of Hamilton Hume and were always of great interest.   Angel’s English farming upbringing, together with his bush experience in Australia, stood him in good stead as a pioneer settler. James Gormley recalls “I had frequent opportunities of seeing how Angel cultivated his land and managed his working horses and bullocks and the plan he then adopted 1 have not since excelled … (he) did the work slowly and carefully, evidently on a well defined plan.”   A good description of the area at about the time was recorded in 1846 by a retired army colonel, Godfrey Mundy:The pretty village of Fairy Meadow, close to Wollongong, separated by a ridge of highish land from the seaboard, backed by the mountain range, with a meandering stream of fresh water running through the flat; settlers’ houses perched on the hills, bark huts overgrown with passion flowers, vines, ivy or gourds; fields of growing wheat or maize with its tall, green flags and yellow plumes; rude barns at the corners of the enclosures, where the cheerful sound of the flail reaches the traveller’s ear.”   A prominent feature on the range behind Fairy Meadow is called Broker’s Nose. (Broker was the spelling used for Brooker in many old documents). This feature resembles the outline of a human face profile, and is so named as it is a part of the range close to Brooker land. By the eighteen fifties the descendants of Mary Wade (Mary Angel’s mother and an early resident) were leaving permanent place names throughout the district. These include street names such as Brokers Road, Harrigan Street, etc, and features such as Angels Bridge and Broker’s Nose.   During the eighteen thirties, Henry appeared to be interested in various parcels of land. In 1839 he was unsuccessful in purchasing land at Garie but later purchased 50 acres on the Cataract River near Wollongong. In 1841 he received a conditional pardon from the Governor, Sir George Gipps, to take effect from 28th December 1841. He was now a free man, but unable to return to England.   Two of Mary Angel’s nephews, John and Edward Ray, journeyed southwest into the Riverina in 1840. Their assessment of the land available in the. Hay district was enough to encourage Henry Angel to move his young family 450 miles to the area in 1844. Originally Angel settled on the opposite side of the river to the Rays, believing the land to be available. He built a house there on the south bank, called ‘Yangunjular’ after the name of the local aboriginal tribe. The Commissioner for Crown Lands changed the name to Wardry, which is not an aboriginal name. It finally reverted to Uardry, a native name meaning yellow box tree and to this day the station retains the name Uardry. Another son of Mary Wade, Edward Harrigan, went to the area in 1849 but he preferred the Illawarra and returned there in 1853. While at Uardry four sons and a daughter were added to, the Angel family between 1844 and 1853. Uardry was an extensive holding used by Ray and Angel as a cattle and sheep run. The N.S.W. Gazette for 1866 states, “Uardry” station(Lachlan District) occupiers Ray and Angel; area 32,000 acres, grazing capability, 900 head of cattle. Crown charges £53/13/9. It is recorded that Angel and some of his sons made trips to Sydney from time to time. On one such trip in 1846, Henry Angel junior remembers that he and his father carried a ton of cheese to Sydney which they sold, bringing back provisions. The team used consisted of a horse in the shafts of a dray and four bullocks leading. The round trip took three months. On his return, Henry Angel presented the local Aboriginal chief with a brass plate he had obtained in Sydney, inscribed to Jacky, King of Yangunjular.   It should be realised that while at Uardry the Angels were living a frontier existence. The Angels enjoyed a good friendly relationship with the local aborigines, but among themselves the native tribes observed their traditional customs, including conflict. Murder was not unknown among them, and Henry Angel himself witnessed at least one fight to the death between two rival chiefs. Henry’s wife Mary relates a story of an aboriginal visitor sampling chillies from her kitchen table. “He got the surprise of his life”,said Mary, “shouting, ‘Pattacollu, Pattacoliu’, meaning give me water.   The white population of Uardry was comparatively large with both the Ray and Angel families there. The Ledwidge boys became expert horsemen and worked as stockmen on the station. The trips to Sydney provided an opportunity to visit relations and family friends at Campbelltown and on the Illawarra. Such trips provided contact with school friends of the Ledwidges and Henry Angel junior. On one such trip in 1855, Christie Ledwidge married Margaret Ann Herrick, who came from a family connected by marriage to his cousin Edward Ray and his uncle, William Brooker. The same year John Ledwidge married Julia Ahern of Fairy Meadow who had attended the local school with him.   John and Christie each had ten children and 26 and 54 grandchildren respectively. Consequently many Australians can trace their origins to these two brothers. Most of John’s descendants come through his seven daughters and do not carry the Ledwidge name, but Christopher’s descendants are mostly through his sons and this ensured the Ledwidge name still survives in the area.   By 1859 the district had developed sufficiently for the establishment of a new township called Hay at Lang’s Crossing. The Ledwidge brothers left Uardry at this stage to try their luck as publicans in the new town. It was not long before John, who sadly missed his horses, purchased a new team and set up as a carrier. Christie continued as a publican of the Caledonian Hotel, Hay, and did well. In 1868 he left Hay to open the Currathool Hotel at Carrathool. He died the following year and his wife carried on the business. John gave up carrying and worked as a labourer until his death in 1873. One of Christie’s sons, John, became a pioneer of Swan Hill in 1876, arriving there on foot having walked from Hay. He has recorded a notable description of white settlement in the area at that time:   The country at that time had not been opened up for closer settlement and was largely in the virgin state. As a contractor with a large number of men under me, 1 ran 28,000 acres of box timber on Lalbert Station, and about 20,000 acres on Springfield Station. Blacks roamed everywhere, and there was an encampment on the other side of the river, opposite the present pumping station. They were a tame lot however, and did not molest the white invaders. Wildlife abounded and there were any amount of emus and kangaroos. The rabbit population had reached alarming proportions and presented a major problem; they were so thick that at one time they actually blocked the Boga road when the coach was proceeding to Swan Hill. We killed thousands in Lake Boga alone.   There was a great social spirit pervading the whole community. The greatest event of the year was the Oddfellows Ball, held in the new brick school. It was a wonderful affair and attended by all the people of the district. Tickets cost one pound ten shillings apiece but was worth every penny of it. What a feast we had! Plenty of suckling pig and turkey, in striking contrast to the suppers of today perhaps a piece of cake.”   John’s wife, Annie, was employed as a cook at the Swan Hill Coffee Palace in Campbell Street and afterwards accompanied him on his contracts, cooking for the men and camping under bullock waggons. In 1864 (?) Henry Angel sold his rights to at least part of Uardry and purchased a property called Spring Vale near Lake Albert, a few miles south of Wagga. He was now in his seventies and remained there until his death, aged 91, in 1881. Perusal of his Will indicates that by the time of his death, Angel was a man of considerable wealth, a rather remarkable achievement for a former convict transported to the colony in 1818 to serve out a life sentence. It was entirely due to his own efforts that he had acquired such wealth and he did not wish to see it frittered away. His Will contains a firm direction to his beneficiaries as follows: “I wish it to be understood by all my dear children that as 1 have worked hard and long to gain the property which 1 now possess and which 1 hereby devise and bequeath in their favour, so 1 earnestly desire they will not, unless for very good reasons, sell or mortgage the said properties, but 1 do not forbid them so doing.” Mary Angel survived Henry by nine years. She died on 29th September 1890 at Lake Albert, aged 78 years, and was buried beside Henry in the Church of England section of Wagga Wagga Cemetery. She was survived by six sons and two daughters, three sons being deceased.   One of Mary’s descendants received considerable acclaim in 1941. Corporal John Hurst Edmondson was awarded a V.C. posthumously. for bravery in action on the night of 1314th April 1941 at Tobruk. This V.C. medal was the first awarded to an Australian in the Second World War. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade Descendants through her daughter, Mary Subject The topic of the resource Mary Brooker Description An account of the resource The story of the descendants of Mary Wade through her daughter Mary. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Mary Wade History Association (Editorial Committee) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource N. Campbell; R. Harrigan; J and R Chapman; I. Maxwell. Language A language of the resource en-au Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade's Children Description An account of the resource Stories of the first generations following Mary Wade. Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. James Brooker, son of Mary Wade and Jonathan Brooker, was born at Airds in 1814. He was the last known child of Mary Wade. He would have shared the hardships of the pioneering settlers as a small child. James and his elder brother John and his two sisters, Mary and Elizabeth, all have baptismal records in St Luke’s church at Liverpool; all entered on the same day in 1819. The 1828 Census reveals that James, then 14 years old, was living with his parents on a farm on the Illawarra, at Fairy Meadow, near Corrimal. By the 1841 Census, aged 27, he was the owner of three houses in Fairy Meadow. He lived in one of them with his mother, and the other two were rented out. He also had 60 acres in the area. After his father, Jonathan died in 1833, William inherited his property at Fairy Meadow, and in 1844 it was transferred to James on payment to William of twenty pounds in March 1845. James, aged 38, married Elizabeth Willison Wood on 2.9.1852 at Christ Church, St Laurence, Sydney. Elizabeth was a direct descendant of an old Irish family. She came to Australia in 1849 aboard the Duke of Bronte, together with her mother and her sister, Jane, who later married Edward Harrigan. All three Woods were women of considerable education. Prior to leaving Ireland, Elizabeth had witnessed the funeral of Dan O’Connell and had been associated for five years with a Deaf and Dumb Institution at Claremont. The Woods arrived in Melbourne and, as mentioned in the Harrigan story, shortly after arriving in Wollongong the sisters opened a school at Market Square. In December, 1852, James acquired a crown land block at the Glebe, South Wollongong. Between 1853 and 1865, five children were born. Louisa Willison (1853), James Albert (1858), Mary Louisa (1860), William Willison (1862) and Rosina (1865). Louisa Willison and William Willison died in infancy. By 1870, James was a man of property and able to devote considerable time to public life. In 1874 he appeared in debates regarding the establishment of a free library in Wollongong. He was also a considerable writer of letters to newspapers on matters relating to public affairs. He served as an alderman on the North Illawarra Council for several years and was Mayor for two terms. He displayed very considerable intelligence and energy in his work for the public good and was much respected. In 1875 he purchased two houses in central Wollongong opposite the Wollongong Town Hall. In 1879 an exhibition was staged at the local School of Arts; James Brooker exhibited some bonework which was described as ‘the greatest curiosity in the whole collection’. The bonework had been done some 30 years earlier by an old resident of the district employed by Mr A. Beatson and was representations of flora and fauna carved in bone. In September 1879 James aged 65 years, suffered a severe stroke. The Illawarra Mercury, 23.9.1879, carried the following description: ‘On Saturday, forenoon last, Mr James Brooker of Fairy Meadow was taken seriously ill. It appears that while on his way into town in a dogcart, his right side from the shoulder to the foot suddenly became paralysed. Mrs Allum, of Fairy Meadow (to whom Mr Brooker had given a seat in his dogcart as he was coming along the road) noticed the whip fall out of his hand, and a motion on the part of his body as if he were about to fall helplessly over the side of the vehicle. She at once caught hold of him and thus probably saved him from falling out of the cart onto the road. This occurred about midway between Fairy Creek and the hospital. Mrs Allum at once called for help, and Mr Dennis Williams being just approaching the road from the lane leading to his residence, that gentleman hastened to the assistance of Mr Brooker whom he found quite unable to either speak or move. With the assistance of the others, Mr Williams drove the vehicle with Mr Brooker to the Freemason’s Hotel, where every attention was at once paid to him, and Dr Thomas called in to his aid. After some time the patient’s speech returned a little, and in the course of the afternoon he was removed to his home at Fairy Meadow. We are happy to learn he had somewhat improved on Sunday and yesterday, though still prostrated. Very great sympathy is felt for Mr Brooker and his family, he being one of the oldest residents of the district, being also very deservedly respected. He has also been wry active and useful as a public man, more especially in connection with the North Illawarra Council of which he was Mayor for several years. James died 15th March, 1880, and is buried in the Congregational Cemetery. He was survived by his widow, his son, James Albert, and two daughters, Mary Louisa and Rosina. By the terms of James’ will his son, James Albert, received 75 acres at Fairy Meadow and all animals and personal property on it. His wife, Elizabeth, received an annuity of thirty pounds for the term of her life. To his trustees, James Albert (his son) and George Hewitt (a Wollongong Bank Manager), went 400 shares in Mercantile Mutual Company and 500 shares in City Mutual Insurance Co, together with any money, all to be held in Trust and divided equally between his three surviving children, James Albert, Mary Louisa and Rosina. James’s wife, Elizabeth, died at Gosford on 3rd January 1916, aged 95 at the home of her daughter, Mary Louisa. The opening sentence of her obituary, published in the Illawarra Mercury on the 14th January, 1916, reads: ‘To have seen the first load of coal shipped from Wollongong and to live until the early days of 1916 was the privilege of Mrs Elizabeth Willison Brooker, who passed away last week at Gosford, aged 95 years.’ It is interesting to note that the following week the Mercury reported the death of Elizabeth’s sister, Jane Harrigan (nee Wood), aged 96 years. His son James married Catherine Mary Nash on 4th May, 1881. James died at Longreach, Queensland on 22nd October, 1939. Mary Louisa married twice, first to Walter Hogan on 14th April, 1882, and secondly to William Edward King on 27th April, 1922, with no issue. Rosina married Robert John Spinks on the 13th December, 1876, and died 20th January, 1944. Although James and Elizabeth had five children, the line only continues through her daughter, Rosina. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade Descendants through her son, James Brooker Subject The topic of the resource James Brooker Description An account of the resource The story of the descendants of Mary Wade through her son James. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Mary Wade History Association (Editorial Committee) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Mary Wade to us : a family history, 1778-1986. Mary Wade History Association, Cromer, N.S.W, 1986. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource N Campbell; V Caldwell. Language A language of the resource en-au https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/178901140076_2a83d7f6d6.gif 83365062140af67487993a62ce878678 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1379 Height 1968 Bit Depth 1 Channels 3 https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/178901140077_d9acc5556e.gif 1d087b015a38f3f5656b928ad32e396e Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. 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Width 1468 Height 2034 Bit Depth 1 Channels 3 https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/proceedings-of-the-old-bailey,-14th-january-1789-178901140120_38d53d29d6.gif 333362088f6060c28c66fb5116954f0c Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1387 Height 1990 Bit Depth 1 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade documents Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource as noted on each item Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. MARY WADE and JANE WHITING were indicted for feloniously assaulting Mary Phillips , on the King's highway, on the 5th of October , and putting her in fear, and feloniously taking from her person, and against her will, one cotton frock, value 3 s. one linen tippet, value 2 d. one linen cap, value 2 d. the property of John Forward . MARY PHILLIPS . Court. How old are you? - Eight years old. Do you know what you are come here for, child? - Yes. What are you come here for? - About my frock. Will you tell me the truth about it? - Yes. Do you know the difference between what is true and what is false? - No. Let us try if we cannot go on without her. Call the next witness. JANE FORWARD sworn. I am wife of John Forward . When I came home from my labour, on Friday, I enquired for my child, and a boy told me he sent her to the Treasury for a bottle of water; that was the 5th of this month. I came home at half after five; I live in Charles-street, Westminster; the child was not at home. Does she live with you? - She is my child; she is eight years old next April. Is she a sharp child of her age? - Yes. Have you taught her any thing? - She has been in the country from me four years; I fetched her home in August last. Have you taught her to say her prayers? - Yes, she can say her prayers. Have you taught her to say her catechism? - Yes. I sent the boy to look for her; he went, but could not find her: then I went myself. When I came to the door, to go out, I met her at the door crying, saying, mother I have been robbed. She had no frock, no cap, no tippet. I asked her where; she said at the privy, in the Treasury . And I asked her how she came home; she said, there was a gentlewoman came with a light, and two boys; then she knew where she was. The boy's name is John Phillips . JOHN PHILLIPS sworn. I am brother to the girl. She went out, that afternoon, a little before five; my mother came home about half after five. The girl went out for a bottle of water; I sent her out: she had a frock, cap, and tippet on. I saw her no more, before my mother came home; I saw her afterwards, without her frock and cap. CATHERINE M'KILLAN sworn. I was standing at the bottom of New Pye-street, Perkins's Rents, where we live. At the bottom of New Tothill-street I met the two prisoners; and we used to go to the Treasury very often, to get two or three halfpence; and I asked them why they did not go; and the big one made answer, I will not go for this good while; and the little one said she would not. Then I asked them what they had done, and they said, nothing; but I promised them I would not tell; and they told me they took a frock, a tippet, and a cap, off a little girl, in the Treasury. And says the little one, (that is, Mary Wade ) here is the cap and the tippet; and she said the frock was at Mr. Wright's, in the Almonry, in pawn for eighteen-pence, and she had tore the duplicate; I did not see the duplicate. Then Wade said, I wish I had not not done it, to the big one; and the big one said, it was your own fault. Then the little one said, I was in a good mind to have chucked the child down the necessary; and I wish I had done it. How long have you known these two girl s? - I have known the little one a twelvemonth, and the other about ten months. The little one was taken up before, for stripping a child, and chucking her into a ditch; only she was too young. This was the Monday evening, the Monday before last, between six and seven o'clock; it was the same night it was done. Did they give you any part of the eighteen-pence? - No, Sir; I never had a farthing. When did you tell of this? - The Saturday. Who did you tell it to? - This gentlewoman; I went to her. How came you to go to her? - They told me the child lived in Charles-street, at the shoemaker's; and there is but one shoemaker's in Charles-street. Had you and they quarrelled between that day and the Saturday? - No, Sir; we did not quarrel at all. How came you to go? - I only went because I thought the gentlewoman would have her property again, the child's frock, and cap, and tippet. Had you no other reason for going than that? - No, Sir. Who advised you to go? - Nobody advised me to go, and nobody told me; but the woman that took the cap off her head, that little one, robbed her of every thing she had; and Mrs. Matthews took the cap off the little one's head, and said she would ask the gentlewoman. Them two girls, and a boy that was in Bridewell, were telling of it; and Mrs. Drummond, Mrs. Matthews's mother, heard them talking of it; and when they robbed her, she went to the board to try to get a shilling or sixpence; and she tied a string about her door, and the little one owned she untied it and took her things; then Mrs. Drummond asked her where they were, and she would never tell; so she told me; both the prisoners, and another boy that is in Bridewell, told Mrs. Drummond themselves; and when the little one would not pay Mrs. Matthews a shilling, she took the cap off her head, and said she would tell this prosecutrix. I know Mrs. Matthews; she did not advise me to tell the woman in Charles-street. MARGARET TINDALL sworn. I was getting things ready for washing, and I took a light down to the wash-house, that joins to the privy; there were two children, one ran by me. I went into the yard to see if there was any water, and I heard a child cry, and I went into the privy, and there I saw a child stripped of her frock, tippet, and a cap. I asked the child how she came there, she told me a girl brought her there and stripped her; I told her I thought she knew them, and belonged to them; she said she did not; I let her out of the place, and told her to be a good girl and go home. There was a girl run out by me very quick. JAMES KIMBER sworn. I took the frock in pledge on Monday, the 5th of January, in the evening, between six and seven; I think it was a person like the tall prisoner, but I cannot swear positively to the person; it was pledged in the name of the shortest, Mary Wade ; I do not recollect seeing any more than one, nor I cannot recollect the person. Do you recollect the dress and appearance of the person who pledged it? - No. A stranger to you? - Yes. Are you a servant to Mr. Wright? - Yes. What kind of a frock was this? - Here it is, a dark cotton. Was it a young person? - Yes; a young person, and like the tall prisoner. Look at Catharine M'Killan ; was it her? - No, it was not. Was it a decent person, or a ragged person? - I cannot recollect; I could not recollect when I was before the magistrate. Do you make a point of taking in every thing, from every body? - No; we ask them many questions when we take them in; it being a week afterwards, I could not recollect the person; I endeavoured before? Court. In the way you carry on that business, it is a very dangerous one to the publick; your house may become the repository of all the stolen goods in the town. JOHN TAYLOR sworn. I am an officer of St. Margaret's parish. This M'Killan, and this little girl, came to my house about a quarter past ten last Saturday night, and M'Killan telling me the story she has related, I said, are you sure you are right; she said I will shew you. I went to apprehend the parties. I went to the woman that had the cap, the corner of the court, just by where the other girl lived; I do not know her name; then I went to the lodgings of the little prisoner, thinking to get it out of her; there I found the child's tippet in the room; from there, the girl went along with me, and we apprehended the tall prisoner; and the little prisoner told me, that the big one wanted her to put the child down the necessary. I put them both into Bridewell. I went to the pawnbroker's that night, and saw the frock. (The things deposed to.) To the child's mother. I suppose your child at present is maintained by your husband? - Yes. They are all the things that she lost that night. Court to the child. Has your mother taught you to say your prayers? - Yes. And your catechism? - No; I cannot say my catechism. You have told me, do not you know, the difference between telling a lie, and telling the truth? - Yes. Will you be sure to tell me the truth, to tell me all you know about this? - Yes. You know, when you say your prayers, you pray to God to take care of you, and to protect you? - Yes. Well, and he will be good to you, if you speak the truth? - Yes. And if not, you must expect to be punished? - Yes. Now, remember, you are going to promise before God, that you speak the truth? - Yes. Court. Give her the oath. (Sworn.) Now tell me how you lost your frock, and your cap, and your tippet? - John sent me to the Treasury-yard for a bottle of water, there I saw these two girls, and they asked me to fill the bottle for me, and so they broke it; and they took me into the necessary, both of them, and said they would get me another bottle, and bid me not cry; and the little girl pulled off my cloaths, and the biggest girl staid with the boy; and the little girl pulled off my petticoats, and put them on again; and the great girl staid till the boy came with the bottle of water. Had you ever seen the girls before? - I saw the little girl sweeping the streets. How often? - A good many days; almost every day I went to the Treasury. Had you ever seen the great girl? - No. You did not know her? - No. Do you know either of them now? - I know the little girl. When did you see them afterwards? - Not for a good while. Did you ever see her again? - No. Was you before the Justice? - Yes; and the big girl too. Were the two girls that were before the Justice either of them that stripped you? - There was the little girl that stripped me. Was that the same little girl that you saw before the Justice that stripped you? - Yes. As to the great girl, you do not know any thing about her? - No. How came you to let them strip you? - I did not know but they would give me another bottle; they bid me not cry; the little one did. But you knew very well they had no business with your cloaths? - Yes. Why did you let them? How came you to let them take away your cloaths? - I thought they were going to put on my cloaths again; and they ran away with my cloaths instead of putting them on again. How came you to let them take them off? - I did not know they were going to strip me. But you know they did take off your frock? - Yes; and they took off my two petticoats, and my pocket, but they put them on again. That was all that they did to you? - Yes. Nobody beat you? - No. Nobody hurt you? - No. Court to Mary Wade . How old are you? - Going of eleven. Are not you older than that? - No. Have you no friends? - Yes. Are they not here? - No; they live at Westminster; they was here to-day, only they could not come in to me. PRISONER WHITING's DEFENCE. I am going in fourteen: I have no friends. Have you a mother? - Yes; she lives at Westminster, in Peter street. - WADE. Are you the mother of that child? - Yes, I am indeed; she was ten years old last December. I have a husband, he is a drover. Court. I hardly can ask you how your child has behaved; for I am afraid you are as much in fault as she is, by not taking proper care of her, and keeping her at home, and making her industrious; letting her run about the streets, was the sure way to lead her to the place where she is now; therefore I ought rather to ask you, what you can say for yourself then for her? - It is the other girl that induces her out, when my back is turned, to go a begging with her. I never brought her up to go a begging; all the butchers know me well. I have a great family of them. I hope you will take better care of the rest, or else they will all come to the gallows. Court to Jury. Gentlemen, I am distressed how to state to you, that this is a less crime than robbery; because, though there is no such violence as would affect the constancy of a grown person, or alarm them; yet the very circumstance of such a child falling into the hands of two strangers, young as they are, standing over her and stripping her, does seem to me to be equivalent to holding a pistol to the breast of a grown person; therefore, I cannot state it to be any thing less than robbery; the consequence of that is, that they must answer it with their lives. Therefore you are to consider, whether the fact is sufficiently established against both or either of these prisoners. Now, that this child was drawn away into this privy by somebody, and was there stripped of her cloaths, stands so clearly established, that there can be no doubt about it, upon the evidence of Mrs. Forward. Here the learned Judge summed up the evidence, and then added - For the sake of example, I cannot recommend to you, if you should be of opinion that the crime is sufficiently fixed upon them, I cannot recommend to you to say, it is of a less degree of attrociousness than robbery: the tender years of these persons may be a circumstance to be attended to in other views; but as to the denomination of the crime, I think it would be a dangerous thing to society, if you were to be induced, by any humanity, to lower the offence at all below the rank of actual robbery. So that if you say, that they are both, or either of them guilty, I think you must say they are guilty of the crime for which they stand indicted, robbery, and not larceny. MARY WADE , JANE WHITING , GUILTY , Death . Tried by the first Middlesex Jury before the LORD CHIEF BARON. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade's trial at the Old Bailey Subject The topic of the resource Mary Wade Description An account of the resource A transcript of the trial at which Mary Wade was sentenced to death on the 14th January 1789 at the Old Bailey. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Proceedings of the Old Bailey http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=t17890114-58-verdict304&div=t17890114-58. Accessed 1st August 2010. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Old Bailey Proceedings Online Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1789-01-14 Language A language of the resource en-GB Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/178904220118_282007f76b.gif 432a4520e441c2f8d47738cfbe376db2 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1437 Height 2014 Bit Depth 1 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade documents Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource as noted on each item Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. The following Prisoners accepted the conditions mentioned in his Majesty's pardon, viz. To be transported during the term of their lives. Lidia Jones ; Elizabeth Shakespeare ; Esther Thornton ; Catherine Heyland ; Ann Steel ; Elizabeth Smith ; Mary Wade ; Jane Whiting . The following Prisoners accepted the conditions, viz. To be transported for the term of seven years . Margaret Wood ; Sarah M'Cormick ; Mary Kimes , alias Potten ; Mary Chafey ; Sarah Young ; Mary Hook ; Elizabeth Goldsmith ; Mary Hounsom . Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade is 'pardoned' to transportation Old Bailey Proceedings supplementary material, Lidia Jones, Elizabeth Shakespeare, Esther Thornton, Catherine Heyland, Ann Steel, Elizabeth Smith, Mary Wade, Jane Whiting, Margaret Wood, Sarah M'Cormick, Mary Kimes, Mary Chafey, Sarah Young, Mary Hook, Elizabeth Goldsmith, Mary Hounsom, 22nd April 1789. Subject The topic of the resource Mary Wade Description An account of the resource Ninety-eight days after being sentenced to death, Mary Wade and Jane Whiting were granted his Majesty's pardon from their death sentences, on the condition that they be transported to Australia for the term of their lives. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Proceedings of the Old Bailey http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=o17890422-2-defend1057&div=o17890422-2. Accessed 2010-08-07. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Old Bailey Online Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1789-04-22 Language A language of the resource en-GB Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Wade Family History Association Inc. - about and membership Subject The topic of the resource The MWFHA has been incorporated. See below details of the Committee Members and membership fees. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bob Stevens Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. My family line to Mary Wade comes from my mother, Rita Florence Hurst, who grew up in North Wagga as part of the Brooker/Angel/Hurst diaspora to the Riverina. Her father, Robert John Hurst, was a wheat breeder who worked with William Farrar in developing the 'Federation' strain of wheat that enabled the wheat industry to survive the harmful 'rust' that ruined many early Australian wheat crops. I grew up in the beach town of Port Macquarie and for many years travelled Australia and the world.  For most of my life I had little interest in my family heritage, even though it was well known to other family members. It was only when I saw the television documentary, 'The Floating Brothel', that I realised how lucky I was to be here at all. I was a descendant of an 11 year old girl who had survived being sentenced to death! I was fortunate, in that one of my brothers had a spare copy of the publication 'Mary Wade to Us'. After quickly reading it, I felt that all of Mary's descendants should have their own copy. Unfortunately the book was out of date, out of print and no longer available. I had recently sold our family business and retired, but my working experience included many years of database marketing. I knew about computers and the Internet and about email communication. I decided to see if I could put a revised version of the book onto the Internet so that it would be up to date and available to everyone. Like most things, that was easier said than done. First I approached the surviving members of the Committee who put the book together. Marjorie Morrow, their leader, had died in 2004, aged 93. Only Keith and Judy Amos and Shirley Webb were still alive, but they pleaded age and lack of computer savvy to take any further part in what had been a huge research and publication enterprise. They did encourage me though, and gave me all the left over material they had from the original research 20 years prior. Where to start? I put an RSVP notice in the Sydney Morning Herald and that led to a few contacts and an enquiry from the St. George and Sutherland Leader. The Leader came and took a picture of me, holding a copy of 'Mary Wade to Us'. They published the picture and an article on what I was trying to do. That led to more contacts. I set up a Mary Wade Family Tree on Genes Reunited and found other family members with matching names in their trees. I established a Facebook Group called the Mary Wade Family Association and people joined up. I trawled the Internet and came across Sue Perry in London who had her own family tree on the web and she was willing to help set up a website. I now had over a hundred email contacts and tried to interest them in forming an Association which would take responsibility for the website. Most were interested but few wanted to accept any responsibility. Just on two years ago I found I had a life threatening form of bone cancer in my hip. After a couple of months of unhelpful chemotherapy, my Surgeon decided to operate.  They took the bones out from my pelvis, radiated them in a radiation ward across the road, mended the hole where the 75mm tumour had been, and then put them back in my pelvis with a replacement hip. I spent 8 weeks in RPA Hospital and a further three weeks in a Rehab. Hospital.  Since then I have had months of rehab. physiotherapy and a second operation for another tumour in my sacrum.  Before the second tumour I was walking with a walking stick but I am now restricted to getting about on crutches. I am now back at work most days, working on our Mary Wade website. Sue Perry put the first edition of our website up using the material we had and did a great job. Toby Griffin then came on board and he was responsible for setting up the Family Tree. A number of us have been inputting data from 'Mary Wade to Us' and other sources and we now have well in excess of 2000 names entered. Toby revamped the layout of the site and I am now busy putting more material into it. We still don't have an Incorporated Association that will guarantee us any continuity, if something should happen to me. About twenty people have volunteered financial assistance but that is not nearly enough to keep an Incorporated Association going into even the forseeable future. I would like to see a groundswell of interest among Mary Wade descendants that would keep us going indefinitely. I would estimate that there should be more than tens of thousands of us alive today. Tell your kids and siblings and nieces and nephews about it and get them to have a look at this site and take an interest in it. I would like to suggest that we consider another Family Muster. So far as I am aware, our last Muster was in 1984 at Campbelltown. Surely it must be time for another one. After all, it is not often that a Prime Minister is a descendant of Mary Wade like the rest of us.  I would like to see us issuing Certificates to Family Members showing membership of an Association of people descended directly from Mary's blood.  I would like to see badges for 11 year old kids showing they are Survivors; and for teenagers showing they are Pioneers; and for new families, a Certificate showing that they have begun a New Generation. The above are just a few of my own ideas for our potential Incorporated Association but at the moment I feel like a one man band. I am seventy two years of age and of only middling health. I am looking for a new generation to take up the leadership of this fledgling organisation and make it into something we can all be proud to be members of. Jeff Robinson, Convenor Mary Wade Family History Association Footnote: It is very sad to note that Jeff Robinson passed away on 7 June 2010 after a long fight with cancer. Jeff's energy and enthusiasm will be greatly missed. There is a small group of us who are committed to realising Jeff's dream by ensuring the continuation of the Mary Wade Family History Association. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robinson, Jeff. The renewed Mary Wade Family History Association Description An account of the resource Jeff Robinson describes his interest in Mary Wade, and how he brought together a renewed Mary Wade Family History Association to continue the work of bringing together descendants of Mary. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Robinson, Jeff Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource text https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/ray,-daniel-b-17-08-1856_0c7fdbf2d0.jpg a9275f4cd4ffb420ec8eefd5b08ab924 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 903 Height 589 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource as noted on each item Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Black and white (or sepia) photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ray, Daniel 1856-1925 Description An account of the resource While Daniel may look like a soldier fresh from the American Civil War, he is actually wearing a train guard's uniform. He was a guard on the NSW Railways. Apparently he was a very good shot. I believe that hanging from his right hand are quite a number of ducks. Daniel was known to be a very gentle and kind man. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Stevens, Bob Subject The topic of the resource Ray Family Relation A related resource Webtrees: <a href="https://www.marywadefamily.org/webtrees/tree/MaryWadeFamily/individual/I13396/Daniel-Ray">Daniel Ray</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpg https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/jenkins,-maria-nee-ray-b18-5-1822_2545b8ed4d.jpg 23dbe36c88d58787abbfd308d24ed979 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 797 Height 1146 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource as noted on each item Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Black and white (sepia tinted?) photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ray (Jenkins), Maria 1822-1924 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Stevens, Bob Subject The topic of the resource Ray, Maria 1822-1924 Ray Family Description An account of the resource Granddaughter of Mary Wade Relation A related resource Webtrees: <a href="https://www.marywadefamily.org/webtrees/tree/MaryWadeFamily/individual/I13502/Maria-Ray">Maria Ray</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpg https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/jenkins,-maria-nee-ray-b18-5-1822-press-clipping_6116d84023.jpg 6c3e9fca9a5323edf15e2bf6448441b2 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 967 Height 1001 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Newspaper Clippings, Death Notices, etc. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource as noted on each item Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper clipping Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ray (Jenkins), Maria 1822-1924. Four generations at Epping Description An account of the resource Family group photo taken 6 months before Maria's passing at the age of 101. Maria Jenkins (nee Ray born 18 May 1822) Mary Jane Beveridge (nee Jenkins born 1862) Minna Lois Hogg (nee Beveridge born 1892) Ruth Lois Wallace Hogg born 1913, later married Kenneth Clink Farquharson Stewart Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6 October 1923 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Stevens, Bob Subject The topic of the resource Ray Family Relation A related resource Webtrees: <a href="https://www.marywadefamily.org/webtrees/tree/MaryWadeFamily/individual/I13502/Maria-Ray">Maria Ray</a><br />Webtrees: <a href="https://www.marywadefamily.org/webtrees/tree/MaryWadeFamily/individual/I10697/Mary-Jane-Jenkins">Mary Jane Jenkins</a><br />Webtrees: <a href="https://www.marywadefamily.org/webtrees/tree/MaryWadeFamily/individual/I06563/Minna-Lois-Beveridge">Minna Lois Beveridge</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpg https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/lydia-cousin-of-daniel-ray_3ad3d2f58a.jpg df4373c83fdff5cb3c41f513622ad1ad Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 373 Height 625 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource as noted on each item Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ray?, "Lydia cousin of Daniel Ray" Description An account of the resource On the back of the photo it has "To Daniel from your cousin Lydia". Daniel Ray (b. 1856) only appears to have one first cousin with the name Lydia. If so, then the photo is of Lydia Lysaught (b. 1867). Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Bob Stevens https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/ray,-albert-in-1920_c0b84359c0.jpg d7c2579023dacc2a60cf9ba68ddb4ef0 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 491 Height 694 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource as noted on each item Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sepia tinted photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ray, Albert Description An account of the resource Albert Ray, son of Oswald Ray and Selina Pickles, photograph taken in 1920 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1920 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Stevens, Bob Relation A related resource Webtrees: <a href="https://www.marywadefamily.org/webtrees/tree/MaryWadeFamily/individual/I13522/Oswald-Ray">Albert Ray</a> https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/ray,-anne-nee-toland-b1845_4902c8a802.jpg 65742194eaf6dce9fd5cb2daf2de6f78 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 367 Height 604 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource as noted on each item Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sepia studio portrait Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Toland (Ray), Annie 1845-1929 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Stevens, Bob Subject The topic of the resource Ray Family Description An account of the resource Annie Toland, born 12 June 1845 in Tipperary, Ireland. Married John Ray 16 June 1866. Relation A related resource Webtrees: <a href="https://www.marywadefamily.org/webtrees/tree/MaryWadeFamily/individual/I15364/Anne-Toland">Anne Toland</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpg https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/ray,-bert-b-25-11-1895-and-stanley--ray-stevens_bceb004e41.jpg ccb71a0af377dcff7b6d3d7b6388bbf8 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 491 Height 816 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource as noted on each item Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sepia studio photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ray, Albert Stanley 'Bert' 1895-1952 with his nephews c1911 Description An account of the resource Stevens, Stanley William born 28 November 1904 Ray, Albert Stanley born 25 November 1895 Stevens, Raymond Charles born 26 December 1909 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c1911 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Stevens, Bob Subject The topic of the resource Ray Family Relation A related resource Webtrees: <a href="https://www.marywadefamily.org/webtrees/tree/MaryWadeFamily/individual/I13353/Albert-Stanley-Ray">Albert Stanley Ray</a><br />Webtrees: <a href="https://www.marywadefamily.org/webtrees/tree/MaryWadeFamily/individual/I14974/Stanley-William-Stevens">Stanley William Stevens</a><br />Webtrees: <a href="https://www.marywadefamily.org/webtrees/tree/MaryWadeFamily/individual/I14970/Raymond-Charles-Stevens">Raymond Charles Stevens</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpg https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/ray,-bert-b-25-11-1895-school-photo_0225ba2f67.jpg be000d020e90364300d9fc98c68e66e7 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 816 Height 510 Bit Depth 8 Channels 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource as noted on each item Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Black and white photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ray, Albert Stanley 1895-1952. School photograph Description An account of the resource Bert Ray is the row seated on the bench at the far left of the row c. 1905 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c1905 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Stevens, Bob Subject The topic of the resource Ray Family School photographs Relation A related resource Webtrees: <a href="https://www.marywadefamily.org/webtrees/tree/MaryWadeFamily/individual/I13353/Albert-Stanley-Ray">Albert Stanley Ray</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpg https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/ray,-daniel-b-17-8-1856--sarah-nee-reid-2_4b2a208e1d.jpg b2ebb24295e9d853a8601d6788f6030c Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 769 Height 1117 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource as noted on each item Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sepia studio photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ray, Daniel 1856-1925 and his wife Reid (Ray), Sarah Ann 1856-1943 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Stevens, Bob Subject The topic of the resource Ray Family Relation A related resource Webtrees: <a href="https://www.marywadefamily.org/webtrees/tree/MaryWadeFamily/individual/I13396/Daniel-Ray">Daniel Ray</a><br />Webtrees: <a href="https://www.marywadefamily.org/webtrees/tree/MaryWadeFamily/individual/I13624/Sarah-Ann-Reid">Sarah Ann Reid</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpg https://www.marywadefamily.org/files/original/ray,-daniel-b-17-8-1856--sarah-nee-reid-3_5e65e4599a.jpg 661dbcdd10bd94f9fd6ab502b4d7741f Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 359 Height 526 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photographs Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource as noted on each item Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Black and white photograph (appears to be sepia tinted from copy) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ray, Daniel 1856-1926 his and wife Reid (Ray), Sarah Ann 1856-1943 in 1924 Description An account of the resource The photo was taken at their daughter's (Ethel Amelia Stevens nee Ray) home at Brighton-le-Sands. One of a set of photos taken at Christmas 1924. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Stevens, Bob Subject The topic of the resource Ray Family Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1924 Relation A related resource Webtrees: <a href="https://www.marywadefamily.org/webtrees/tree/MaryWadeFamily/individual/I13396/Daniel-Ray">Daniel Ray</a><br />Webtrees: <a href="https://www.marywadefamily.org/webtrees/tree/MaryWadeFamily/individual/I13624/Sarah-Ann-Reid">Sarah Ann Reid</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpg