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                <text>Bill Babington and Jack Bates were great mates. They both went to the Morven Public school together and every Anzac day Jack travelled down to Culcairn to march with his old mate Bill. Jack died in 2009 at Canberra.&#13;
Bill Babington fought at Tobruk and El Alamein: 'We had a thousand artillery guns firing. You couldn't hear someone talk, there was that much noise going on. There was continuous bombing and shelling' Bill Babington was a gunner and due to the amount of constant noise he lost a good deal of his hearing.&#13;
&#13;
"British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was not a popular man when Australian troops saw him in North Africa in 1942. They saw how Churchill walked past the diggers during his visit. Churchill marched through us and our officer said:'three cheers for Winston Churchill' and there wasn't one that said hooray".&#13;
The disenchantment was based on the Australians learning of the bombing of Darwin and being more concerned about that than continuing to fight for the British Empire in North Africa. Nevertheless, the diggers went through the second battle of El Alamein in late 1942. The Second Battle of El Alamein took place over 13 days from 23 October Ă˘âŹâ 4 November 1942 and the Allies' victory marked a major turning point in the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War.&#13;
&#13;
This second article was written for the local paper Ă˘âŹËThe ChronicleĂ˘âŹâ˘  also on Anzac Day in the late 1990Ă˘âŹâ˘s.&#13;
This is the Bust that was referred to in the newspaper article on Bill Babington and Jack Bates Anzac Day 2007. After Cyril Brown passed away the Bust was passed over to Bill Babington.&#13;
The names on the Bust areĂ˘âŹÂŚ.. D. Bradshaw, Mervyn Brown, A. Suckling, S. Bowler, C. Hall,  Bill Babington, - Ross,  P.S. Edge, H. Smith, Jack Bates, A. Threadbold, N. Domale, P. Sedge, J. Culhane, B. Hughe, C. Taylor. B. Murphy, R.V. Paton, W.J. Clarke, H. Nelson, E.M. McKinley, S.Reed. A.H. Walsh, A.R. Lane.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Clipping from the 'Border Mail' Anzac Day 2007.&#13;
Interview with Bill Babington and his mate, Jack Bates.&#13;
Clipping from The Chronicle' also on Anzac Day in the late 1990s</text>
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              <text>My name is Bill Babington, army number VX42207.&#13;
We were playing rugby in Morven, N.S.W. the day that war was declared, it was that same Sunday that four team mates and a spectator decided to join. Eric and Trot McKinley, Mervyn Brown, Jack Bates and myself all travelled to Albury the very next day to sign up. I told my brother Dan that he had to stay home and look after mum.&#13;
We were called up to pass a medical at Caulfield, and then sent on to the Geelong Show Ground for training. As members of the artillery we had no guns to train with, only a sketch carved into the ground.&#13;
After a month of training in Geelong we were granted leave to visit home. On our way home the train approached Little River, a station between Geelong and Melbourne. After stopping, the train shunted backwards and for some unknown reason Eric and Trot jumped off, expecting it to stop on itĂ˘âŹâ˘s way back past. The train came back past the station but didnĂ˘âŹâ˘t stop, we were about two hundred yards down the track and had two absent passengers so I jumped to my feet and pulled the chain, we came to a holt and Eric and Trot ran like hell to get back on. No questions were asked as to who stopped the train.&#13;
It was a free trip from Geelong to Albury and in those days we had to change trains in N.S.W. and buy a ticket. We never bought any tickets, so when the conductor came around and asked us where we were headed, Sydney was our reply, he told us we would have to get off at the next stop, Culcairn. It was nice to be home.&#13;
After going back to Geelong where we camped for three months, we were sent to Puckapunyal where we left for overseas. Although we all signed up together, we were put into different units, Eric, Trot and Mervyn went into the 6th division, Jack the 7th and I was in the 9th division.&#13;
We sailed on the same boat Ă˘âŹËThe MorotaniaĂ˘âŹâ˘, on which I was sick all the way from Melbourne to Fremantle. We stayed in Fremantle for two days, and I was glad to be on dry land again, it was here that someone told me that sea sickness was mind over matter. With this in mind, we boarded the boat and I entered in a boxing tournament. I had five fights and made the final, at this point I started to think I was pretty good, although, I was obviously not as good as I thought, meeting a sailor in the final and being beaten on points. I received a swan fountain pen as the runnerĂ˘âŹâ˘s up prize, the sailor getting both a pen and pencil.&#13;
My unit, the 2/12 Australian Field Regiment was the only Australian Field Artillery Regiment to serve in the siege of Tobruk. We entered Tobruk on May 17th 1941. The regiment was to arm itself with what guns could be found within the perimeter, regardless of origin or quality.&#13;
My first gun was an Italian 75 mm, we had to learn all over again from degrees to millimetres, I became a gunlayer which was worth six shillings per day, opposed to five shillings. I was in Tobruk for quite some time, and one day we received some reinforcements, one of which told me that he had met my brother and he was coming to see me. This was the first I knew of Dan being in the army. I assumed that he was at home looking after mum like I told him to. But just as I had been told, Dan arrived that Sunday to tell me he was in the 23rd Battalion (AlburyĂ˘âŹâ˘s Own) . Straight away I put a claim in for Dan to join my unit, but this could not happen until we came out of action.&#13;
We remained in action under siege until relieved in late September 1941, a spell at Hill 95 and then the regiment moved on to Qastina and eventually Syria, by this time my brother Dan had joined up with us. We were doing garrison duties in Lebanon and Syria when word was going around that we were going home. The Syrians seemed to know more than we did, they were crying and saying good bye, we learned later that they were right.&#13;
Now we were headed back into the thick of things, in the desert the Eighth army had surrendered  Tobruk to the Germans, and Rommel was driving the allied forces back towards Alexandria, Cairo and the Suex. To assist in halting the German advance, fresh units of the ninth division including the 2/12 regiment were ordered to move secretly but with great speed to EL Alamein. There were funny sides to the story though, I remember going through Cairo where paper boys conned gunners into buying ancient newspapers which looked as good as new, they got the money before you got your paper. Many little towns between Cairo and Alexandria had Nazi flags draped across the windows of houses, they thought the Germans could not be stopped.&#13;
The 2/12 Field Regiment had been engaged in the EL Alamein for one hundred and twenty days, from July 9th to November 5th 1942, we had Christmas at Qastina. The 9th division had a grand parade reviewed by General Sir Harold Alexander. After more than two years in the Middle East, the 2/12 Field Regiment set sail for Australia aboard the HMTS Lie De France with three weeks home leave.&#13;
In the first week of August 1943 the Regiment moved to Milne Bay where the rain seemed never ending and one month was spent practising assault landings with various aircrafts. The 2/12 was chosen to support the ninth division in a operation with the seventh division to secure the town of Lae. The landing was made on September 4th and Lae was captured on September 16th. The next landing was made with one brigade, again supported by the 2/12. The Finchafen campaign was much tougher than Lae. Sattelberg was next where the artillery played a big role where I also contracted malaria and spent a few days in hospital.&#13;
The New Guinea campaign was over for the 9th division and the Regiment returned to Australia on March 12th 1944, for our second three week home leave. Following our return we spent a lot of time in Ravenshoe, after the campaign at EL Alamein I had a lot of trouble with my hearing and was made B class. I was discharged on the 6th of August 1945 after serving in every campaign in the 9th division excluding Borneo.&#13;
&#13;
By Bill Babington, 2000.</text>
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                <text>National Archives of Australia:  B883, Second Australian Imperial Force Personnel Dossiers, 1939-1947,  BONNELL JOHN MAXWELL : Service Number - VX122008 : Date of birth - 25 Nov 1923 : Place of birth - VIC : Place of enlistment - FOSTER VIC : Next of Kin - BONNELL A, VX122008.</text>
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                <text>Our sacrifice, at home and abroad&#13;
&#13;
Sydney Morning Herald&#13;
April 25, 2007&#13;
The story was powerful enough: a tale of a mother's love and her son's courage in war. But much more is now known about the family behind Australia's first World War II Victoria Cross winner. Tony Stephens reports.&#13;
When Australia's prime minister, Robert Menzies, read the declaration of war on September 3, 1939, Jack Edmondson immediately packed his gear for battle. His mother, Maude, asked what he would do in a tight place, say a bayonet charge. She said she hated the bayonet. "We all loathe it," he said, but "I know how to use it."&#13;
Mother: "Jack, never any decorations." Son, seriously: "No, mother, I want to come back."&#13;
On his last night at home, they had supper together and warmed themselves at the fire. He opened the piano, played the Maori Farewell, closed the piano, tidied the family books and went to bed. He sailed the next day on the Queen Mary.&#13;
Maude Edmondson wrote in her diary on April 14, 1941: "I shall never forget today. It started off so badly with Ada trying to take me to the [Royal Easter] Show ... and to make it worse Stuffy [the cat] for some reason joined in. He came and simply howled then ran from room to room. I had to put him out." She wrote on April 18: "Nothing going right yet ... went to the doctor ... he did nothing ... fighting terrific in Greece and North Africa not so good. I dread the casualty lists ...&#13;
"Account in the Herald of heavy fighting and much use of bayonet at Tobruk. Also gives an account of a charge in which a lieutenant and corporal took prominent parts on Easter Sunday night. Of course no names ... but I know the corporal is Jack ... I know also that all is not well with Jack. It was wet all day and Stuffy hasn't turned up yet."&#13;
On April 25, Anzac Day, Maude Edmondson rose early and made two rich fruitcakes for Jack. She packed one in a tin and filled the empty spaces with chocolates. "I am feeling afraid of something," she wrote. "Had a couple of brandies ..."&#13;
On April 26, Maude Edmondson received a telegram from the army minister, Percy Spender: "It is with deep regret that I have to inform you that NX15705 Corporal John Hurst Edmondson was killed in action on the 14th April ..."&#13;
Jack Edmondson had died on the day his mother had already said was so bad she would never forget it, the day Stuffy ran away. He died after an act of "outstanding resolution and leadership and conspicuous bravery" that won him a Victoria Cross, Australia's first of World War II.&#13;
The Herald unearthed Mrs Edmondson's diary in the Australian War Memorial in 1991. Now a relative, Ken Peacock, has discovered that the extended family history captures the essence of the Australian story.&#13;
There is more war to it, for war has been one of the nation's more frequent cultural pursuits. Peacock has discovered, for example, that six members of the extended family served on the Western Front in World War I and two at Gallipoli. Another died in World War II, in the Japanese prisoner-of-war camp at the infamous Sandakan, Borneo.&#13;
But that's not half the story. The family traces itself back to the early convicts, to the first waves in the sea of migration that has become an essential part of the Australian story, to the expeditions of explorers Charles Sturt, and Hamilton Hume and William Hovell, the early settlers and the gold diggings. Few families can have made such footprints on the milestones of Australian history.&#13;
Jack's maternal great-grandfather, John Hurst snr, was born in Leicestershire and arrived in Australia in 1845 after a 14-week voyage with his wife, Sarah, and five children. He farmed in the Cow Pastures area near Camden until 1862 before moving to a property on the Murrumbidgee River at Oura, near Wagga Wagga.&#13;
John Hurst jnr, one of the children, began paid work at the age of nine. When gold was discovered on the Turon fields in 1851, he was 15 and joined his father on the diggings. They walked all the way.&#13;
After slim pickings of gold, John jnr married Keturah Angel, the daughter of the convict Henry Angel and Mary Brooker. Henry, convicted of highway robbery in England, arrived in Australia in 1818 and worked in road gangs before being assigned to a farmer at Appin, near the properties of Andrew Hamilton Hume and William Hovell.&#13;
In 1824 Hume and Hovell began their expedition to Port Phillip, accompanied by six convict servants including Henry Angel. Angel became the first white man to swim the Murray River at Albury, when he carried a rope across the river to aid the team's crossing.&#13;
He was granted a ticket of leave in 1825 and a grant of land near the Tank Stream and the present site of Sydney Town Hall. The land extended to what is now Angel Place but it was poor farming land so Angel exchanged it for "better land" in the Corrimal area. He joined Sturt and Hume on an expedition to trace the Macquarie River.&#13;
Mary Brooker was the daughter of the convicts Jonathon Brooker and Mary Wade. Wade, who arrived on the Lady Juliana in 1790, was a street urchin of only 10 years when sentenced to death for stealing clothes and taken to be hanged.&#13;
But the sentence was rescinded by King George III during celebrations for his apparent recovery from mental illness and Wade was transported to Australia "for the term of her natural life". She met Brooker in the Norfolk Island jail.&#13;
She died at 87 with more than 300 descendants. Jack's mother, Maude, was the second youngest of John and Keturah Hurst's 12 children. Mary Wade was Jack Edmondson's maternal great-great-grandmother.&#13;
After their marriage, Henry and Mary lived in a timber shed on a farm near Wollongong; they farmed for 20 years at Hay before moving to a property outside Wagga Wagga.&#13;
Jack's paternal great-grandfather, Joseph Edmondson, was born in Ireland about 1803 and arrived in Australia in 1858 with his wife, Elizabeth, and possibly all six children. The youngest, also named Joseph, was three, and was to become Jack's grandfather.&#13;
He married Martha McKenzie in 1882 at the Gobbagumbalin property near Wagga Wagga. They had eight children who were all under 14 when Martha died in 1897. Joseph remarried and fathered two more children before his second wife died in 1902, leaving him with 10 children aged between two and 19. Joseph William (Will) Edmondson, the eldest, was Jack's father.&#13;
Ken Peacock believes that the determination to survive shown by Mary Wade, Henry Angel and John Hurst jnr in the goldfields and Joseph Edmondson raising 10 children was matched by Jack Edmondson's cousins, aunt and uncles in World War I.&#13;
John Gordon Edmondson joined the 7th Light Horse Regiment in October 1914, aged 20, and landed at Gallipoli on May 18, 1915, three weeks after the initial Anzac landing. Wounded, he returned to Australia in March 1916 with a bullet lodged in his chest. Three months later, he re-enlisted and went to the Western Front.&#13;
Alexander Keith Edmondson enlisted in February 1916, at 21, was wounded during the Second Battle of Bullecourt and returned to Australia. Margaret Esther Edmondson enlisted as a nurse in October 1916 and served in England and France until September 1918, when she became ill.&#13;
Harvey Herbert Edmondson, stepbrother of Jack's father, was two years old when his mother died and only 15 years and seven months when he enlisted. After the major offensive around Pozieres in July 1916, Harvey was listed as missing. His body was not recovered; he was just 16.&#13;
Albert Henry Hurst, an uncle of Jack's, was killed on the Western Front in 1917, at 25. Albert Ernest Hurst, a cousin, embarked for Egypt in 1915 with the Light Horse heading for Gallipoli, but became ill and returned to Australia in 1916.&#13;
Jack's cousin, Royden Victor Hurst, landed at Gallipoli in August 1915 and contracted blood poisoning in the trenches at Pope's Hill.&#13;
He died at sea from lymphatic leukaemia on the way back to Australia, aged 22.&#13;
Another cousin, Ashley Royden Peacock, joined the war at Messines in 1917 during the British offensive in Flanders. He fought at Passchendaele, Villers Bretonneux, Le Hamel, Amiens and Morcourt - where he won the Military Medal - Mont St Quentin, Peronne and Le Verguier during the Battle of the Somme and the Hindenburg Line offensive. A younger cousin, Raymond Edward Hurst (2/19th Battalion), was to die as a prisoner of war at Sandakan in 1945.&#13;
Then there are those from Ken Peacock's mother's side: John Cobden, her uncle, who fought with the NSW Imperial Bushmen in the Boer War; uncles George Leopold Sullivan and Arthur Charles Sullivan, of the 5th Division on the Western Front; and Desmond John Cormack (Distinguished Flying Cross), who fought in the Western Desert, at Tobruk, El Alamein and Morotai.&#13;
Maude Edmondson regularly corresponded with her nephews Royden and Ashley during World War I, as she would in the next world war with her son. She mailed newspapers, magazines, biscuits, fruitcake and cigarettes.&#13;
After Jack died, she became distant and depressed. Even her husband, Will, was shut out of her little world. Will had been taught by Dame Mary Gilmore, who dedicated a poem to Jack. Will died at Liverpool in 1958 and Maude at Glenfield in 1961.&#13;
Ken Peacock, Ashley Peacock's nephew, did his national service in 1956 and was among the men pledged by Bob Menzies as prime minister to defend the Suez Canal. He wasn't upset at missing the war.&#13;
Yet he, too, has left footprints on the Australian story. Born in Wagga Wagga, he graduated in science with honours in economics from Columbia University, New York. He joined Alcoa in 1965, becoming active in the nation's big, export-earning mining industry.&#13;
Then he joined the aerospace industry, became executive chairman of Boeing Australia Limited and was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in 2004. He is the chairman of the Joint Strike Fighter Industry Advisory Council, which advises the Government, and a member of the Australian War Memorial council.&#13;
While his uncle was alive, it was Ken Peacock's task every Anzac Day to walk him home. It was the one day of the year he met his "digger" mates, the one day he drank alcohol. His duodenum and stomach remained ulcerated by chlorine and mustard gas from the war. He knew booze would make him sick.&#13;
At the end of the day, the old soldier would be violently ill. His wife, Bell, who had nursed him after the war, would call him "a silly old fool". He would say it was worth the agony.&#13;
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              <text>Our sacrifice, at home and abroad&#13;
&#13;
Sydney Morning Herald&#13;
April 25, 2007&#13;
The story was powerful enough: a tale of a mother's love and her son's courage in war. But much more is now known about the family behind Australia's first World War II Victoria Cross winner. Tony Stephens reports.&#13;
When Australia's prime minister, Robert Menzies, read the declaration of war on September 3, 1939, Jack Edmondson immediately packed his gear for battle. His mother, Maude, asked what he would do in a tight place, say a bayonet charge. She said she hated the bayonet. "We all loathe it," he said, but "I know how to use it."&#13;
Mother: "Jack, never any decorations." Son, seriously: "No, mother, I want to come back."&#13;
On his last night at home, they had supper together and warmed themselves at the fire. He opened the piano, played the Maori Farewell, closed the piano, tidied the family books and went to bed. He sailed the next day on the Queen Mary.&#13;
Maude Edmondson wrote in her diary on April 14, 1941: "I shall never forget today. It started off so badly with Ada trying to take me to the [Royal Easter] Show ... and to make it worse Stuffy [the cat] for some reason joined in. He came and simply howled then ran from room to room. I had to put him out." She wrote on April 18: "Nothing going right yet ... went to the doctor ... he did nothing ... fighting terrific in Greece and North Africa not so good. I dread the casualty lists ...&#13;
"Account in the Herald of heavy fighting and much use of bayonet at Tobruk. Also gives an account of a charge in which a lieutenant and corporal took prominent parts on Easter Sunday night. Of course no names ... but I know the corporal is Jack ... I know also that all is not well with Jack. It was wet all day and Stuffy hasn't turned up yet."&#13;
On April 25, Anzac Day, Maude Edmondson rose early and made two rich fruitcakes for Jack. She packed one in a tin and filled the empty spaces with chocolates. "I am feeling afraid of something," she wrote. "Had a couple of brandies ..."&#13;
On April 26, Maude Edmondson received a telegram from the army minister, Percy Spender: "It is with deep regret that I have to inform you that NX15705 Corporal John Hurst Edmondson was killed in action on the 14th April ..."&#13;
Jack Edmondson had died on the day his mother had already said was so bad she would never forget it, the day Stuffy ran away. He died after an act of "outstanding resolution and leadership and conspicuous bravery" that won him a Victoria Cross, Australia's first of World War II.&#13;
The Herald unearthed Mrs Edmondson's diary in the Australian War Memorial in 1991. Now a relative, Ken Peacock, has discovered that the extended family history captures the essence of the Australian story.&#13;
There is more war to it, for war has been one of the nation's more frequent cultural pursuits. Peacock has discovered, for example, that six members of the extended family served on the Western Front in World War I and two at Gallipoli. Another died in World War II, in the Japanese prisoner-of-war camp at the infamous Sandakan, Borneo.&#13;
But that's not half the story. The family traces itself back to the early convicts, to the first waves in the sea of migration that has become an essential part of the Australian story, to the expeditions of explorers Charles Sturt, and Hamilton Hume and William Hovell, the early settlers and the gold diggings. Few families can have made such footprints on the milestones of Australian history.&#13;
Jack's maternal great-grandfather, John Hurst snr, was born in Leicestershire and arrived in Australia in 1845 after a 14-week voyage with his wife, Sarah, and five children. He farmed in the Cow Pastures area near Camden until 1862 before moving to a property on the Murrumbidgee River at Oura, near Wagga Wagga.&#13;
John Hurst jnr, one of the children, began paid work at the age of nine. When gold was discovered on the Turon fields in 1851, he was 15 and joined his father on the diggings. They walked all the way.&#13;
After slim pickings of gold, John jnr married Keturah Angel, the daughter of the convict Henry Angel and Mary Brooker. Henry, convicted of highway robbery in England, arrived in Australia in 1818 and worked in road gangs before being assigned to a farmer at Appin, near the properties of Andrew Hamilton Hume and William Hovell.&#13;
In 1824 Hume and Hovell began their expedition to Port Phillip, accompanied by six convict servants including Henry Angel. Angel became the first white man to swim the Murray River at Albury, when he carried a rope across the river to aid the team's crossing.&#13;
He was granted a ticket of leave in 1825 and a grant of land near the Tank Stream and the present site of Sydney Town Hall. The land extended to what is now Angel Place but it was poor farming land so Angel exchanged it for "better land" in the Corrimal area. He joined Sturt and Hume on an expedition to trace the Macquarie River.&#13;
Mary Brooker was the daughter of the convicts Jonathon Brooker and Mary Wade. Wade, who arrived on the Lady Juliana in 1790, was a street urchin of only 10 years when sentenced to death for stealing clothes and taken to be hanged.&#13;
But the sentence was rescinded by King George III during celebrations for his apparent recovery from mental illness and Wade was transported to Australia "for the term of her natural life". She met Brooker in the Norfolk Island jail.&#13;
She died at 87 with more than 300 descendants. Jack's mother, Maude, was the second youngest of John and Keturah Hurst's 12 children. Mary Wade was Jack Edmondson's maternal great-great-grandmother.&#13;
After their marriage, Henry and Mary lived in a timber shed on a farm near Wollongong; they farmed for 20 years at Hay before moving to a property outside Wagga Wagga.&#13;
Jack's paternal great-grandfather, Joseph Edmondson, was born in Ireland about 1803 and arrived in Australia in 1858 with his wife, Elizabeth, and possibly all six children. The youngest, also named Joseph, was three, and was to become Jack's grandfather.&#13;
He married Martha McKenzie in 1882 at the Gobbagumbalin property near Wagga Wagga. They had eight children who were all under 14 when Martha died in 1897. Joseph remarried and fathered two more children before his second wife died in 1902, leaving him with 10 children aged between two and 19. Joseph William (Will) Edmondson, the eldest, was Jack's father.&#13;
Ken Peacock believes that the determination to survive shown by Mary Wade, Henry Angel and John Hurst jnr in the goldfields and Joseph Edmondson raising 10 children was matched by Jack Edmondson's cousins, aunt and uncles in World War I.&#13;
John Gordon Edmondson joined the 7th Light Horse Regiment in October 1914, aged 20, and landed at Gallipoli on May 18, 1915, three weeks after the initial Anzac landing. Wounded, he returned to Australia in March 1916 with a bullet lodged in his chest. Three months later, he re-enlisted and went to the Western Front.&#13;
Alexander Keith Edmondson enlisted in February 1916, at 21, was wounded during the Second Battle of Bullecourt and returned to Australia. Margaret Esther Edmondson enlisted as a nurse in October 1916 and served in England and France until September 1918, when she became ill.&#13;
Harvey Herbert Edmondson, stepbrother of Jack's father, was two years old when his mother died and only 15 years and seven months when he enlisted. After the major offensive around Pozieres in July 1916, Harvey was listed as missing. His body was not recovered; he was just 16.&#13;
Albert Henry Hurst, an uncle of Jack's, was killed on the Western Front in 1917, at 25. Albert Ernest Hurst, a cousin, embarked for Egypt in 1915 with the Light Horse heading for Gallipoli, but became ill and returned to Australia in 1916.&#13;
Jack's cousin, Royden Victor Hurst, landed at Gallipoli in August 1915 and contracted blood poisoning in the trenches at Pope's Hill.&#13;
He died at sea from lymphatic leukaemia on the way back to Australia, aged 22.&#13;
Another cousin, Ashley Royden Peacock, joined the war at Messines in 1917 during the British offensive in Flanders. He fought at Passchendaele, Villers Bretonneux, Le Hamel, Amiens and Morcourt - where he won the Military Medal - Mont St Quentin, Peronne and Le Verguier during the Battle of the Somme and the Hindenburg Line offensive. A younger cousin, Raymond Edward Hurst (2/19th Battalion), was to die as a prisoner of war at Sandakan in 1945.&#13;
Then there are those from Ken Peacock's mother's side: John Cobden, her uncle, who fought with the NSW Imperial Bushmen in the Boer War; uncles George Leopold Sullivan and Arthur Charles Sullivan, of the 5th Division on the Western Front; and Desmond John Cormack (Distinguished Flying Cross), who fought in the Western Desert, at Tobruk, El Alamein and Morotai.&#13;
Maude Edmondson regularly corresponded with her nephews Royden and Ashley during World War I, as she would in the next world war with her son. She mailed newspapers, magazines, biscuits, fruitcake and cigarettes.&#13;
After Jack died, she became distant and depressed. Even her husband, Will, was shut out of her little world. Will had been taught by Dame Mary Gilmore, who dedicated a poem to Jack. Will died at Liverpool in 1958 and Maude at Glenfield in 1961.&#13;
Ken Peacock, Ashley Peacock's nephew, did his national service in 1956 and was among the men pledged by Bob Menzies as prime minister to defend the Suez Canal. He wasn't upset at missing the war.&#13;
Yet he, too, has left footprints on the Australian story. Born in Wagga Wagga, he graduated in science with honours in economics from Columbia University, New York. He joined Alcoa in 1965, becoming active in the nation's big, export-earning mining industry.&#13;
Then he joined the aerospace industry, became executive chairman of Boeing Australia Limited and was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in 2004. He is the chairman of the Joint Strike Fighter Industry Advisory Council, which advises the Government, and a member of the Australian War Memorial council.&#13;
While his uncle was alive, it was Ken Peacock's task every Anzac Day to walk him home. It was the one day of the year he met his "digger" mates, the one day he drank alcohol. His duodenum and stomach remained ulcerated by chlorine and mustard gas from the war. He knew booze would make him sick.&#13;
At the end of the day, the old soldier would be violently ill. His wife, Bell, who had nursed him after the war, would call him "a silly old fool". He would say it was worth the agony.</text>
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              <text>STRANGE JUSTICE&#13;
by&#13;
Brigadier V.C. Griffin&#13;
&#13;
Subtlety is not an accepted characteristic of the Indian or Gurkha soldier but during my service with the 10th Gurkha Rifles I witnessed an incident which might disprove this theory.&#13;
&#13;
In the early 1920's I had the misfortune to serve under a Company Commander whose unpopularity with the men was profound. He was grossly unjust and at all times placed his personal comfort and convenience above all other considerations.&#13;
&#13;
The Battalion was, at that time, employed on mobile columns on the Indo-Afghanistan frontier between Chaman and Fort Sandeman. It was winter time and the weather was black but the strong icy winds at night caused the greatest discomfort.&#13;
&#13;
Immediately on arrival at the camping site, after a hard day's march, which frequently included brief skirmishes with our Afghan enemy, the Company Commander would order a party to dig a ditch large enough to take his sleeping bag to ensure that during the night the icy winds would pass him over unmolested. As the camping sites were usually on hard stony ground, the digging of these ditches was no mean task.&#13;
&#13;
It was obvious that the men were getting thoroughly "browned off" with this daily task and though there was no overt breach of discipline I sensed that some rascality was afoot.&#13;
&#13;
It occurred on the coldest and hardest day of our march. On arrival at camp the Company Commander, as usual, ordered his ditch to be dug before the men had any opportunity of organising their own meagre comfort. On this occasion, however, there seemed to be quite a keenness in the working party's activity.&#13;
&#13;
For no particular reason I noticed that the ditch was being dug in a shallow channel at the base of a gentle slope, but I did fail to notice that at the top of this slope all the Company's camel water pakhals had been stacked.&#13;
&#13;
In due course the Company bedded down for the night and all was quiet except for the icy whistling wind which swept the plateau. Shortly after midnight a piercing yell came from the Company Commander's ditch and on investigation we found the tenant almost completely submerged in water, unable to free himself&#13;
&#13;
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                  <text>Military photographs and stories </text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="3552">
                  <text>Photographs, stories and memories of Mary Wade's descendants who were in military service</text>
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              <text>THIS IS THE DAIRY OF&#13;
&#13;
MELVILLE WALTER HARRIGAN&#13;
&#13;
3814 &#13;
&#13;
20th Battalion A. I. F.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
No of rifle 21003&#13;
&#13;
Bayonet 28604&#13;
&#13;
Rifle 51788&#13;
 &#13;
Private M W Harrigan 3814&#13;
&#13;
Dorrigo, NSW Australia&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
3 January 1916	Monday&#13;
Left Dorrigo for a tour around the world, and do a bit of big game shooting.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
4 January 1916	Tuesday&#13;
3814 Pte M W Harrigan&#13;
9th Reinforcements&#13;
20th Battalian&#13;
5th Brigade A.I.F.&#13;
&#13;
Intermediate Base Depot&#13;
EGYPT&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
5 January 1916	Wednesday&#13;
Dr. P. Gosling 254&#13;
1st A.A.S.C.&#13;
&#13;
Pte R. S. Vincent&#13;
4th London General Hospital&#13;
Grove Lane Extension&#13;
Denmark Hill&#13;
London G. E.&#13;
&#13;
Pte O. Anderson&#13;
A Coy&#13;
1st Pioneer Battn&#13;
France&#13;
&#13;
Miss A Harrigan&#13;
Carrolls Creek&#13;
Via Tenterfield&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
6 January 1916	Thursday&#13;
4132&#13;
Pte O. E. Anderson&#13;
Gatswood Hall &#13;
Hospital&#13;
Ashtons in Makerfield&#13;
Lancashire&#13;
England&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
7 January 1916	Friday&#13;
3789 W.A. Ellis&#13;
56th Batln&#13;
&#13;
No 190&#13;
Pte A. L. Sawtell&#13;
Batt Bombers&#13;
33rd Battalion &#13;
9th Brigade&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
20 January 1916	Thursday&#13;
We left camp at 5 a.m. today and marched to Woollamooloo Bay where the Runic was ready for us, there were thousands of people marched through the streets with us.&#13;
&#13;
We embarked 6.30 a.m. and left the wharf about nine. We stopped out in the harbour until half past three in the afternoon, we went out through the heads at four oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock, it was the first time that I was through them and perhaps the last. To look at all the men you wouldnĂ˘âŹâ˘t think it was troubling them much. So the day is over that we have been looking forward to so long, now we are looking forward to the day we get the other side. Melville Harrigan.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
21 January 1916	Friday&#13;
We are beginning to get settled down in our new home. The sea has been lovely today although some of the men have been sick, one of the boys said he felt alright from the hips down to his toes. Everybody seems sleepy, we didnĂ˘âŹâ˘t get enough before we came on board. We have plenty of good tucker and a good bed. We havenĂ˘âŹâ˘t done any drill yet, it would be alright if we had books to read, they reckon there are some here if they can only find them.&#13;
3814&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
22 January 1916 	Saturday&#13;
We are still going strong, the pond is as calm as a river. This morning it is alright lying out on deck in the sun. You begin to fancy you are a millionaire instead of a soldier. We are in sight of land again. We did a bit of drill before dinner and fell in after dinner, but the flies were that thick we had to knock off. No week end leave so we canĂ˘âŹâ˘t go to town.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
23 January 1916	Sunday&#13;
Our first Sunday at sea, it didnĂ˘âŹâ˘t seem like Sunday until church time. We had church on deck, there was a good crowd there. We had plum duff for dinner so things are looking up. We are still having good weather, the sea is rolling a bit this afternoon, but it takes a good bit to make the boat roll. There is a press gang going round today, making them get their hair clipped. IĂ˘âŹâ˘m glad I got mine off before I went on board. 3814&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
24 January 1916	Monday&#13;
Nothing doing today. I have been orderly so I havenĂ˘âŹâ˘t been on deck.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
25 January 1916	Tuesday&#13;
The sea is pretty rough today, there are a good lot sick. The ship is rolling about a good bit, everything is bumping into you. Everyone you try to pass you run right into him.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
26 January 1916	Wednesday&#13;
Nothing new today, the boat is a bit steadier than yesterday, it can stand it too. 3814&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
27 January 1916	Thursday&#13;
Sighted land today after four days out of sight, you would thnk it was four months by the way they all rushed out to see it.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
28 January 1916	Friday&#13;
Same old thing, sea all round us, it is getting good again.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
29 January 1916	Saturday&#13;
Sighted Freemantle at daylight, we pulled up at the wharf at nine and had two hours leave. We left again at three, saw the last bit of Australia at five oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock, it will be a while before we see it again. Concert on deck at night, admission free. 3814&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
30 January 1916	Sunday&#13;
We still have fine weather and a calm sea.&#13;
Pay day&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
9 February 1916	Wednesday&#13;
We arrived at Columbo about eight oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock. We went for a route march in the afternoon through Ceylon to see the sights, arrived back at the boat just at dark.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
10 February 1916	Thursday&#13;
No leave today, one lot took a boat and tried to get on shore but were brought back with an armed guard, we left Colombo about five oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock in the afternoon.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
13 February 1916	Sunday&#13;
Pay day&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
18 February 1916	Friday&#13;
We arrived at Aden about ten oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock last night, we were told the 8th of the 20th (battalion) had a weeks fighting at Aden when they were coming over. Bill Bucler was among that lot. We are in the red sea today passing Africa on one side and Arabia on the other.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
22 February 1916	Tuesday&#13;
Arrived at Port Suez at eight oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock this morning, we were all ready for disembarkation, but orders came from shore to say we had to go to Alaxandria.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
23 February 1916	Wednesday&#13;
We left Port Suez for Alexandria at seven oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock this evening, it was a bit dark to have a look around, passed three cruisers in the canal.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
24 February 1916	Thursday&#13;
Arrived at Port Said at one oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock today.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
25 February 1916	Friday&#13;
Went for a route march through Port Said, left again at six oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock for Alexandria, made the usual noise.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
26 February 1916	Saturday&#13;
We arrived at Alexandria this morning at ten oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock, but had to wait all day and then we didnĂ˘âŹâ˘t get off. Was on guard until twelve oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock at night on the wharf.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
27 February 1916	Sunday&#13;
We were landed at two oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock this morning and arrived at Heliopolis at ten oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock. We met Peter Gosling when we were going through the camp.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
28 February 1916	Monday&#13;
No drill today, only we have to clean up the lines, met Jack Lombard today.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
29 February 1916	Tuesday&#13;
More fatigue work today, our company went for a route march this afternoon, but I happened to miss it. We went to Heliopolis tonight to the Music Hall, had a good time.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
1 March 1916		Wednesday&#13;
We were inspected by the Brigadier this morning and this afternoon we had some more fatigue cleaning rifles.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
2 March 1916		Thursday&#13;
We went to Cairo for the first time today. I didnĂ˘âŹâ˘t go much on it, most of the streets smell too much like a pig sty.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
4 March 1916		Saturday&#13;
We went to Cairo this afternoon and went to the zoo, it is a bosker place.&#13;
Pay day&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
5 March 1916		Sunday&#13;
Church parade this morning, we went to the pyramids this afternoon, we climbed up on top, it is good exercise climbing up there.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
6 March 1916		Monday&#13;
Drill this morning. We went for a route march this afternoon.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
7 March 1916		Shrove Tuesday&#13;
More fatigue work today, building mud walls, about fifty of us doing about half a dozen menĂ˘âŹâ˘s work.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
8 March 1916		Wednesday&#13;
I was on guard last night, so I had until dinner time off today. This afternoon we had to shift to some more huts.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
9 March 1916		Thursday&#13;
We went for a route march before dinner to have a look at some trenches, we had orders to have everything ready to leave camp in an hours notice. More bad luck today Mick was sick and went to the doctor and had to go to the hospital tonight.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
10 March 1916	Friday&#13;
We have had a good day today, we were on fatigue until dinner time, but most of us felt a bit tired, it was a good job we had a good sergeant or some of us would have been a few bob out of pocket.&#13;
We fell in after dinner but were dismissed for the day, so we had nothing to do but sleep all the afternoon, this doesnĂ˘âŹâ˘t seem much like war.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
11 March 1916	Saturday&#13;
Some more fatigue today until dinner time, if they give us much more, we will never be able to drill again, they might just as well give us a holiday as put us on fatigue.&#13;
We went to Cairo after dinner and had a look at the Museum, it is better than the Sydney museum. MH&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
12 March 1916	Sunday 1 in Lent&#13;
Church parade at ten oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock, we went to the hospital to see Mick, and found him nearly alright, had dinner at the Empire Club, and put in afternoon reading and writing.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
13 March 1916	Monday&#13;
Some drill before dinner, and we were picked out after to go to whatever camp we had to go to.&#13;
Mail day the first letter.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
14 March 1916	Tuesday&#13;
We were out of bed at four oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock this morning and had breakfast before daylight. We left just daylight for the railway station, it was about nine before we left, we arrived at Ismailia about one and had dinner at the station. It was after dark when we had tea.&#13;
We had to leave Mick behind after all.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
15 March 1916	Wednesday&#13;
There were seventy of us picked out to join the original 20th Battalion. Roy and Frank and I were all out of our lot. We were drafted into C. Coy. They are the best lot I have seen yet in the 20th here.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
16 March 1916	Thursday&#13;
We were inspected this morning by the Colonel and after dinner we went for swim in a lake along side of the canal.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
17 March 1916	Friday&#13;
We left camp at six oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock tonight for Alexandria, we had to sit out on the sand for three hours waiting for our train.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
18 March 1916	Saturday&#13;
We had a pretty cold trip down in the train, they were all open carriages. We arrived at Alexandria about eight, it started to rain just as we got off the train and we were all wet through before we could get on the boat. Our boat isnĂ˘âŹâ˘t very big, IĂ˘âŹâ˘ll bet there will be a lot sick.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
19 March 1916	Sunday 2 in Lent&#13;
Church parade this morning. We never left the wharf until five oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock this afternoon. We all have to wear our life belts wherever we go.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
20 March 1916	Monday&#13;
Well, we are out at sea again, nearly everybody is sick, so we had nothing to do but lay about and sleep.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
21 March 1916	Tuesday&#13;
Too sick to write. No news.&#13;
Met Bert Dale today, he is in the 19th Battalion.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
22 March 1916	Wednesday&#13;
Ditto&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
23 March 1916	Thursday&#13;
Things are a bit better today.&#13;
There was a transport sank where are now, yesterday by a submarine, so we just missed it.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
24 March 1916	Friday&#13;
Same as usual.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
25 March 1916	Saturday&#13;
Arrived at Marseilles today at ten oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock, landed at one, and left at five in the afternoon for goodness knows where.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
26 March 1916	Sunday 3 in Lent&#13;
Still going in the train and likely to for awhile by the look of things.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
27 March 1916	Monday&#13;
Still going our hardest, we ought to get somewhere soon.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
28 March 1916	Tuesday&#13;
We arrived somewhere at last, arrived at Steenbecque six oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock today and have been half frozen. Had a look around the village where we are to camp.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
29 March 1916	Wednesday&#13;
We can hear the guns going a treat today, so there must be a war on here, it is pretty cold today.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
30 March 1916	Thursday&#13;
It is getting a bit warmer, it is more like Australia.&#13;
Pay day.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
31 March 1916	Friday&#13;
We went out to try our gas helmets today. And we were inspected by Lord Kitchener at Aire, seven miles from Steenbecque, that is where we are camped.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
1 April 1916		Saturday&#13;
Nothing much today.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
2 April 1916		Sunday&#13;
Church parade this morning, we had it in the street. We can hear a heavy bombardment today. They are making things hum.&#13;
Steenbecque&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
3 April 1916		Monday&#13;
We went for route march after dinner.&#13;
Steenbecque&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
4 April 1916		Tuesday&#13;
Things quiet.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
5 April 1916		Wednesday&#13;
Ditto&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
6 April 1916		Thursday&#13;
Route march before dinner about eight miles, with full pack up, holiday this afternoon to get ready for a start tomorrow for the trenches.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
7 April 1916		Friday&#13;
We left Steenbecque about ten oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock this morning, we were reviewed by General Joffre, we marched about thirteen miles in the day, with about fifty lbs (pounds) up, so it was quite far enough. We have a good camp tonight, so hereĂ˘âŹâ˘s luck.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
8 April 1916		Saturday&#13;
We went about eight miles today, we are camped about two miles from Arm. (Might be short for Armentieres)&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
9 April 1916		Sunday&#13;
We have had a holiday today. We could see them shooting at aeroplanes, but there was no accidents, no one was hurt.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
10 April 1916		Monday&#13;
Another holiday today. We are to leave here at seven oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock tonight.&#13;
Mr M Harrigan&#13;
Bois. Grenier&#13;
Command Post&#13;
France&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
11 April 1916		Tuesday&#13;
Command Post&#13;
We arrived here, somewhere in France, about eleven oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock last night. We are camped in a deserted farm house, there are twelve of us camped in the stables, it is about ten feet by twenty with a brick floor, and a few holes in the roof, made by shells. It is raining, and pretty cold, but we got an oil drum, and made a fire in it, so we are pretty comfortable. The Germans are shelling pretty close today, about two hundred yards away.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
12 April 1916		Wednesday&#13;
Another wet day, we never got out of bed until after eight oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock, we have nothing to do, it is to be hoped that the rain stops. We are in reserve here in case they break through.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
13 April 1916		Thursday&#13;
We havenĂ˘âŹâ˘t left here yet, still having a good time, nothing to do and plenty to eat. It is still raining.&#13;
Pay day.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
14 April 1916		Friday&#13;
We shifted camp this afternoon after tea. The section that I am in, fourteen of us, have to guard the ammunition just behind the firing line. We had plenty of trenches to go through to get here, it is a pretty good job here if it wasnĂ˘âŹâ˘t so cold, we had a fall of snow for a few minutes today.&#13;
M W Harrigan&#13;
Emma Post&#13;
France&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
15 April 1916		Saturday&#13;
Well we have had our first night in the trenches. I was on guard from eight till ten and from four to six, it was pretty cold on the feet, everything so wet. Chillingworth and I have a bosker little dugout to ourselves. Things were quiet here last night, a few machine guns and rifles going at times. Our new home is called Emma post. We have had nothing to do all day, I have to go on guard from ten till twelve tonight, and all hands have to be out at four oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock tomorrow morning for (stand to).&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
16 April 1916		Palm Sunday&#13;
We had a fine night last night, everything was quiet, a machine gun started placing bullets pretty close to my head, it made me duck a bit. There was a bit of excitement here this morning watching them shooting at one of our aeroplanes, it came down real low across the German lines, there was shells flying all around it and machine guns and rifles were going their hardest, but they didnĂ˘âŹâ˘t get him.&#13;
The shells were whistling through the air this afternoon, but they kept well away from us. I have had another day off, I am on guard again tonight.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
17 April 1916		Monday&#13;
We have another wet day, it started to rain last night while I was on guard, they forgot all about me last night when they were relieving the post and I had four hours in the rain, but I didnĂ˘âŹâ˘t have to go on the last one, I never got out of bed until twelve oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock today, so I canĂ˘âŹâ˘t growl about been over worked. It isnĂ˘âŹâ˘t so good up in the front line of trenches, so they say. I have to go on again tonight, from six to eight and then the night off.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
18 April 1916		Tuesday&#13;
It is still raining, I woke up this morning with my feet in a pool of water, my blankets are wet through so I will have a pretty good camp tonight. I never got out of bed till ten, and then I had to go to Moat Farm for our rations, you want to be a bit of a bush man to find your way in these trenches. We should have been relieved at twelve oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock today, to go back to our old billets, but they are not coming until half past eight tonight. There will be some spills tonight when we are going back to camp as the trenches are as slippery as ice.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
19 April 1916		Wednesday&#13;
It was nine last night when we left and the rain poured down all the way back. We got here about ten oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock, and found we were all on duty, my luck was in as I was picked for mess orderly so I could go to bed, we had a pretty hard camp.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
20 April 1916		Thursday&#13;
We get some lively times here now and again, when we took the breakfast up to one lot, they started to shell us, and they did the same thing at dinner time. One bullet went a couple of feet away from me, so we kept out of sight after that.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
21 April 1916		Good Friday&#13;
We had a few shells flying this morning, the aeroplanes were having a fight over head today and a piece of shell fell pretty close to where I was, it was the biggest fright I have had yet, you could hear it coming for a good while before it landed.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
22 April 1916		Saturday&#13;
We went out for a hot bath today, it was about three miles out near Armentieres, we got wet through going out but the bath went alright. We left again just dark for the trenches, we had a lovely trip in, we had full pack up, and rifle in one hand and fire wood in the other. I was nothing but mud when I got in there, some of them slipped over the sides of the boards and it took a couple to pull them out.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
23 April 1916		Easter Sunday&#13;
Easter Sunday. I will never forget this Easter if I live for a thousand years, we got into our dugouts about ten oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock last night. Frank and I have one, we were just in and we had to go to the White City for tucker. We had to wait until nearly one this morning before we could get it, it was two when we got back. We were on guard until daylight and then at half past five we had to go out and start shoveling dirt until eight and an hour for breakfast, then work until dinner time. We were on guard after dinner, I would give a pound for a good sleep, fine weather at last.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
24 April 1916		Easter Monday&#13;
We are still having fine weather, we had to go out for rations at eight oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock last night and wait until one before we could get them, so it was about two before we could get to bed, we only had two hours sleep and we had to get up to stand to, we have been on guard today but that isnĂ˘âŹâ˘t too bad.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
25 April 1916		Easter Tuesday&#13;
We had to go out for rations last night again, left here at eight and arrived back at one this morning, it makes a fellow sick of the game waiting about, we didnĂ˘âŹâ˘t get much sleep as we have to start work at five and go to seven and from eight to twelve, if all the fighting is like this I wonĂ˘âŹâ˘t be sorry when the war is over.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
26 April 1916		Wednesday&#13;
It only took us about two hours to get the rations last night, so we had a bit of a sleep, we had some pick and shovel work from five until seven and from eight to twelve, but I am getting sick of it and didnĂ˘âŹâ˘t do much, I am satisfied with a fair thing.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
27 April 1916		Thursday&#13;
We came back to our old billet last night, we have nothing to do today, only sleep.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
28 April 1916		Friday&#13;
There was a big bombardment last night about nine, every gun in the place was going, we had to get ready in case we were wanted, but nothing came of it.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
29 April 1916		Saturday&#13;
Nothing doing today.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
30 April 1916		Low Sunday&#13;
We went to the Canteen Farm last night to church, about a mile away. It has been quiet all day.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
1 May 1916		Monday&#13;
Our section shifted back to our old joint this afternoon at Emma post. Frank is with us this time, so we have a pretty easy time for another four days.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
2 May 1916		Tuesday&#13;
There has been a few shells flying about today, they have been whistling about our heads by the dozen, the flying machines have been busy too, none of them were hit, the Germans wasted enough shells over them.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
3 May 1916		Wednesday&#13;
More shells this afternoon, they are beginning to wake up a bit, one fellow had his steel helmet knocked off with a bit of shrapnel.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
4 May 1916		Thursday&#13;
Shells, Shells, and more shells, we have struck a pretty warm corner, but there is no damage done yet.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
5 May 1916		Friday&#13;
This is our last day at Emma Post, we have to go into the front trenches tonight, and things are pretty warm up there, we can see a lot of shells exploding up there.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
6 May1916		Saturday&#13;
We had just arrived in the trenches last night when they started bombarding us. We were in hell properly for two hours, I never thought they could come in so fast. We had three killed and one wounded out of thirteen, Corporal Mole; privates Dunn, Merriman were killed and sergeant Thring wounded. We were on post all night, it was awful to hear the wounded, the saps1 were all wrecked and it was morning before they got the last out. They only shelled about two hundred yards front, it was enough, as we had 120 casualties in the 20th Battalion.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
7 May 1916		Sunday&#13;
We were relieved last night about nine, we werenĂ˘âŹâ˘t sorry to get out of it for a while, as some of the men were just about done. We got back to the billet about ten and nearly all of them had to turn out at six this morning to go and build up the parapets, they worked until one. I had the luck to miss it, and had a good sleep in, we have to go out at eight tonight to build trenches.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
8 May 1916		Monday&#13;
We went out last night at eight and worked until half past two this morning, it was after daylight when we got to bed and we woke up about twelve wet through so we had to shift camp.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
9 May 1916		Tuesday&#13;
We went to the trenches again last night to build up the parapets that were blown about, we got back just daylight.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
10 May 1916		Wednesday&#13;
Nothing to do last night, but we had to turn out at six this morning on fatigue, we have about a mile and half walk morning and night. We get there at eight and leave at four in the afternoon, it is better working in daylight.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
11 May 1916		Thursday&#13;
More pick and shovel work today, we will soon be experts at it.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
12 May 1916		Friday&#13;
We are still bagging France, we will soon have it all in sand bags.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
13 May 1916		Saturday&#13;
Nothing exciting today, we are having a pretty good time.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
14 May 1916		Sunday&#13;
I was in hopes of a holiday today, but it didnĂ˘âŹâ˘t come off, so we had some work instead. We went to church this evening when we knocked off.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
15 May 1916		Monday&#13;
Still on the sand bags.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
16 May 1916		Tuesday&#13;
This is our last day on fatigue, we are to go into the trenches tonight. I hope they donĂ˘âŹâ˘t give us as warm a time as they did last time.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
17 May 1916		Wednesday&#13;
We arrived in the trenches about nine last night, things are pretty quiet today. We have a pretty good post, it is a bombing post, so if the Germans come our way we will be able to give them some hurry up. Our post is the closest to the Germans, it is about eighty yards.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
18 May 1916		Thursday&#13;
Things have been quiet again today, they sent three bombs over last night about nine oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock, they landed about twenty yards away, but didnĂ˘âŹâ˘t do any damage.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
19 May 1916		Friday&#13;
We are having a good holiday in here this time, they sent over another three bombs last night again. Things have been quiet today, our Artillery put a few shells into the German trenches.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
20 May 1916		Saturday&#13;
Another quiet day, they are going to give us a good time this time.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
21 May 1916		Sunday&#13;
We had a bit of excitement last night. Frank and I were on post from nine to eleven, and a couple of Germans came right up to our trenches. They lied (lay?) down about twenty yards away. We had two men out on a listening post, they were only about ten yards from the Germans. We had a patrol out and we had orders not to shoot, so we were in a fix. We reported to one of the officers, but they disappeared, so we lost our first Huns.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
22 May 1916		Monday&#13;
We were relieved last night about nine, we had just got out of the salient2 when they started to shell it and they shelled the sap1 that we had to go out, but we went out another way, so we beat them. They must have known that we were changing, and they put the shells in when they thought we would be all in there, we were in five days and never had a casualty, a bit different to last time.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
23 May 1916		Tuesday&#13;
We have five days to do here at the White City. We had a bit to do last night and we were building up parapets again today.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
24 May 1916		Wednesday&#13;
We were carrying things up the firing line last night. I did three loads, and finished about twelve oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock, we have had a pretty easy time today.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
25 May 1916		Thursday&#13;
Our Artillery gave them a bit of hurry up this morning at Stand To, but things have been quiet all day.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
26 May 1916		Friday&#13;
Things were a bit lively again this morning, our artillery did a bit more work, they have been doing a bit of shooting all day.&#13;
We are to go out tonight if all is well.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
27 May 1916		Saturday&#13;
(Written in ink. Distinctly different.)&#13;
Store&#13;
15th Sept 1922&#13;
ĂÂ˝ Doz eggs&#13;
16th September&#13;
ĂÂ˝ Doz eggs&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
6 June 1916		Tuesday&#13;
Fatigue&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
7 June 1916		Wednesday&#13;
We are going into the trenches tonight, our artillery bombarded the Germans last night. Mick was hit in the head with a bit of shell and was sent to the hospital, we only heard about it at dinner time today. We have had a good time out here, we have only done about six or seven hours fatigue work a day.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
12 June 1916		Whitsun Monday&#13;
We have had things pretty quiet here the first two days, thing were a bit lively here yesterday afternoon, and again last night, I was up all night. They had a bit of a bombardment here again this afternoon, but the Germans came off second best as usual, we only had one hit with a bomb. The 6th Battalion are out for raid tonight so we will get a pretty rough time when they start bombarding. It has been wet here all day, so things are getting muddy.&#13;
(Emshee)&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
13 June 1916		Whitsun Tuesday&#13;
Nobody was hurt last night, the 6th B (Battalion) went over, they got six prisoners and a couple of guns, one German shot, the officer, but didnĂ˘âŹâ˘t kill him, but the German didnĂ˘âŹâ˘t last long.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
15 June 1916		Thursday&#13;
We shifted to Moat Farm last night, we have to carry rations up to the firing line at night, but have nothing to do in the day. We have had three wet days it is lovely at night in the mud.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
19 June 1916		Monday&#13;
Our Artillery bombarded the German trenches last night for three quarter of an hour, things were pretty lively for awhile, they are going a treat this afternoon.&#13;
We expected to go back to our billets tonight but we just got word that we have to relieve B Coy (Company) in the trenches tonight.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
1 July 1916		Saturday&#13;
We are out of the trenches for awhile. We left Command Post about one oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock this morning and came through Erquinghem, we are about five miles from Command Post. &#13;
The British started advancing on the Somme this morning.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
8 July 1916		Saturday&#13;
We have had a pretty easy time the last week, only a little bit of drill sometimes, we have to leave here tomorrow, we donĂ˘âŹâ˘t know where we are going to.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
9 July 1916		Sunday&#13;
We are on the road again, we came twelve miles today and the packs were getting pretty heavy.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
10 July 1916		Monday&#13;
Another twelve miles today there was a lot dropped out with sore feet, the roads are awful hard.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
11 July 1916		Tuesday&#13;
We came about six miles before dinner today to St Omer, we have to get in the train here, so we are going to have a bit of a trip.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
12 July 1916		Wednesday&#13;
We had eight hours in the train last night, we passed through Calais, Boulogne, and arrived at Amiens about twelve oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock, it was about one oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock when we got marching again and we marched until daylight, and had a couple of hours for breakfast, and then started again, we came about ten miles before dinner, so we were not very tired when we arrived.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
13 July 1916		Thursday&#13;
We are camped alongside the river Somme, it is about thirty miles to the firing line, so we are getting close to some big fighting, the trains go through here with the wounded, and boat loads go down the river.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
14 July 1916		Friday&#13;
We have the whole Battalion in one shed so it is pretty big, there are three rows of beds up the wall, the frame is built and wire netting put over it, so it is like a spring mattress.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
15 July 1916		Saturday&#13;
On guard today, some of the Coy (Company) have notice to leave at anytime, we donĂ˘âŹâ˘t know what we going to do.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
16 July 1916		Sunday&#13;
We left here about twelve oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock, we didnĂ˘âŹâ˘t have time to have dinner before we went. We marched thirteen miles by five oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock, and we felt fit for some dinner when we got there.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
23 July 1916		Sunday&#13;
Arrived at Albert last night about eleven, we had to camp out on the grass all night, and it was pretty cold. The guns were going a treat all night. Our 1st division advanced, they have some prisoners here today.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
24 July 1916		Monday&#13;
We went to the trenches last night carrying ammunition, things were pretty lively, shrapnel flying everywhere, but we all got out of it with a whole skin.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
25 July 1916		Tuesday&#13;
We are right in the thick of it now, we got to bed about twelve oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock last night.&#13;
We all have to sleep out in the open. I got in a big shell hole, it gets pretty cold without blankets my word the ground is ploughed up about here with shells, there is one hole here made by a mine, it is about three hundred feet across and about one hundred and fifty feet deep. We have just got orders that we are to go in the trenches tonight and we have a line of trenches to take at midnight by our company.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
26 July 1916		Wednesday&#13;
Well we had a pretty warm time last night, or this morning, as our guide got bushed (lost) and we never got in the trenches until half an hour before daylight, the platoon that I was in had to carry picks and shovels to fix up the trenches. Our fellows got about half way over and the Germans saw them, and then things began to hum. &#13;
The machine guns started, and the artillery opened up, we had shells fly every where, one  got into the trenches, but they run out of bombs, and all hands had to come back, we lost seventy eight men and two officers.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
27 July 1916		Thursday&#13;
A party went out last night to see if they could find any of our men, they got five of them. The 17th Battn (Battalion) and the Welsh Fusiliers took the trenches last night, they had to have a lot more men than we did to do it. We were carrying up to the firing line last night until about three oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock, and then we had to get out again at daylight to carry bombs up to the trenches, it was eleven oĂ˘âŹâ˘clock before we had breakfast, so we were pretty hungry. We had to go back again and carry until about one and things were pretty lively to (too?).&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
5 August 1916		Saturday&#13;
Took two lines of trenches last night, things were pretty lively for awhile. They have been shelling us heavy this afternoon, hope to get relieved tonight. Frank and I are with the 18th Battn (Battalion), got mixed up last night.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
6 August 1916		Sunday&#13;
We were relieved last night about eleven, we had a pretty warm time too. Got back to the cook house about one this morning and found all the rest had gone. The Brigade was inspected by General Birdwood. I didnĂ˘âŹâ˘t go, as I was asleep.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
20 August 1916	Sunday&#13;
We are back at Albert again, after a fortnight marching about and drilling, it is worse than in the trenches, we are to go in tonight.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
28 August 1916	Monday&#13;
Out of the trenches again, we came out last night, we had two days wet and the trenches were lovely, it was hard work getting out last night in the dark, but we had two drinks of tea at the canteens so that helped.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
29 August 1916	Tuesday&#13;
Came to Worloy today, about eight miles.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
31 August 1916	Thursday&#13;
Left Worloy this afternoon at one and came to Beauval for tea, about fourteen miles, a nice afternoonĂ˘âŹâ˘s walk.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
5 September 1916	Tuesday&#13;
We have had enough of the big push and are going North again, leaving here today.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
6 September 1916	Wednesday&#13;
Arrived at Poperhinge this morning, it is a big town here, one of the biggest we have been in yet.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
9 September 1916	Saturday&#13;
Leaving for the trenches tonight. We are going to the Ypres salient2.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
10 September 1916	Sunday&#13;
We came to Ypres by train, and marched about two miles to the reserve trenches where we have to do seven days in the trenches. We are in for twenty eight days.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
6 October 1916	Friday&#13;
We are getting relieved tonight. I have been to Ypres today and have to act as guide tonight.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
7 October 1916	Saturday&#13;
Arrived at Steenforte, we are camped about two miles out of the town.	&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
10 October 1916	Tuesday&#13;
Going to a bombing school today. About two miles from Poperhinge.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
15 October 1916	Sunday&#13;
Joined the Battalion up this afternoon at Reningshelst.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
17 October 1916	Tuesday&#13;
Left Reningshelst  this morning arrived at Steensforte.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
18 October 1916	Wednesday&#13;
Another march today about fifteen miles, passed through		arrived at	    .&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
1: sap: Making of trenches to cover assailantsĂ˘âŹâ˘ approach to besieged place.&#13;
2: salient: Salient angle or part in fortification or line of attack or defence. Oxford dictionary.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
The following are references to Charles BeanĂ˘âŹâ˘s History of World War 1 where they correspond to the diary.&#13;
&#13;
Friday 31 March 1916		Page 78&#13;
Friday 7 April 1916		Page 113	6 &amp; 7 Brigade&#13;
Monday 10 April 1916	Map 4 between Pages 104; 105 &amp; 112&#13;
Sunday 23 April 1916		Map 4&#13;
Saturday 6 May 1916		Footnote Page 886&#13;
24 June to 1 July		Page 307 Preparatory bombardment leading into Somme offensive&#13;
Saturday 1 July 1916		Pages 209 or 281&#13;
&#13;
Between 27 July &amp; 5 August	See Pages 658 Ă˘âŹâ 659</text>
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Caldwell, Bruce died on 24 September 1917 at Ypres, France during WW1 (Battle of Passchendaele)&#13;
Dodd, Gideon Byron missing in action in WW1&#13;
Eather, Albert Ernest died August 1916 missing in action in WW1&#13;
Edmondson, John âJackâ Hurst VC died 14 April 1941 at Tobruk, Libya during WW2&#13;
Evans, Arthur Thomas died 26 March 1917 at Lagnicourt, France during WW1&#13;
Holcombe, Raymond Aubrey Eyre died 15 February 1942 in Singapore during WW2&#13;
Hurst, Raymond Edward died in 1945 as a POW at Sandakan, Borneo during WW2&#13;
Hurst, Royden Victor died 16 February 1916 while in transit home during WW1&#13;
Ledwidge, Arthur James died 28 May 1915 at Gallipoli, Turkey during WW1&#13;
Ledwidge, Frank Bartle died 12 March 1945 at Labuan, Malaysia as a POW during WW2&#13;
Ledwidge, Herbert William died 28 May 1917 in Belgium during WW1&#13;
Ledwidge, Leonard Alfred James died 8 October 1942 at Java, Netherlands East Indies during WW2&#13;
Ledwidge, Victor Robert died 10 June 1915 in France during WW1&#13;
Morrow, Stanley died on 18 August 1918 in France during WW1&#13;
Parsons, James A. died in Belgium during WW1&#13;
Quinlan, James Edward died on 22 January 1942 as a POW in Malaya during WW2&#13;
Richardson, Francis Gordon died on 12 May 1915 at Gallipoli, Turkey during WW1&#13;
Stewart, Arthur Donald died during WW2&#13;
Stewart, Lindsay Neil died during WW2&#13;
Thorn, Charles Maxwell killed in action over Germany 19 September 1942 during WW2&#13;
Warby, Henry Albert died on 1 May 1918 France during WW1&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Jack Edmondson's medals are on display at the Canberra War Memorial.</text>
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